Identification and evaluation of improved 4'-O-(alkyl) 4,5-disubstituted 2-deoxystreptamines as next-generation aminoglycoside antibiotics.

Abstract

UNLABELLED:

The emerging epidemic of drug resistance places the development of efficacious and safe antibiotics in the spotlight of current research. Here, we report the design of next-generation aminoglycosides. Discovery efforts were driven by rational synthesis focusing on 4' alkylations of the aminoglycoside paromomycin, with the goal to alleviate the most severe and disabling side effect of aminoglycosides-irreversible hearing loss. Compounds were evaluated for target activity in in vitro ribosomal translation assays, antibacterial potency against selected pathogens, cytotoxicity against mammalian cells, and in vivo ototoxicity. The results of this study produced potent compounds with excellent selectivity at the ribosomal target, promising antibacterial activity, and little, if any, ototoxicity upon chronic administration. The favorable biocompatibility profile combined with the promising antibacterial activity emphasizes the potential of next-generation aminoglycosides in the treatment of infectious diseases without the risk of ototoxicity.

IMPORTANCE:

The ever-widening epidemic of multidrug-resistant infectious diseases and the paucity of novel antibacterial agents emerging from modern screening platforms mandate the reinvestigation of established drugs with an emphasis on improved biocompatibility and overcoming resistance mechanisms. Here, we describe the preparation and evaluation of derivatives of the established aminoglycoside antibiotic paromomycin that effectively remove its biggest deficiency, ototoxicity, and overcome certain bacterial resistance mechanisms.

• Authors: Stefan Duscha, Heithem Boukari, Dimitri Shcherbakov, Sumantha Salian, Sandrina Silva, Ann Kendall, Takayuki Kato, Rashid Akbergenov, Deborah Perez-Fernandez, Bruno Bernet, Swapna Vaddi, Pia Thommes, Jochen Schacht, David Crich, Andrea Vasella, Erik C Böttger
• Journal: mBio (mBio) Vol. 5 Issue 5 Pg. e01827-14 (Sep 30 2014) ISSN: 2150-7511 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 25271289 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2014 Duscha et al.

Chemical References

• Aminoglycosides
• Anti-Bacterial Agents
• Hexosamines
• RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
• 2-deoxystreptamine

Topics

• Aminoglycosides (chemical synthesis, pharmacology)
• Animals
• Anti-Bacterial Agents (chemical synthesis, pharmacology)
• Bacterial Infections (drug therapy)
• Escherichia coli (drug effects)
• Guinea Pigs
• Hexosamines (chemical synthesis, pharmacology)
• Male
• Mice
• Mice, Inbred ICR
• Microbial Sensitivity Tests
• NIH 3T3 Cells
• Phylogeny
• RNA, Ribosomal, 16S (genetics)
• Ribosomes (drug effects)
• Staphylococcus aureus (drug effects)