A strong link between depression and
dementia is now well documented in the literature. However, the nature of this relationship is much discussed. Are depression and
dementia linked by comorbidity due to the frequency of both disorders in the aged? Can depression be a prodrome of
dementia? Are recurrent depressive episodes a risk factor for
dementia? Despite many methodological difficulties, strong arguments are developed in the litterature to support these various assumptions. It seems well established that depression can be the first symptoms of
dementia, but the time between a depressive episode and the occurrence of
dementia is very variable depending of authors. The highest risks to develop
dementia after a depressive episode are high cultural level, depression severity, major dysexecutive syndrome and poor efficacy of
antidepressant drugs. Most often,
dementia following a depressive episode is
dementia of the Alzheimer type. In addition, depressive episodes in adulthood seem to increase the risk of
dementia occurence, but this hypothesis remains questionable. The influence of other risk factors, such as stress, depression severity and/or treatment with
psychotropic drugs is just beginning to be reported in the literature. These topics are of concern for the clinician practice to develop preventive strategies in this population particularly vulnerable.