Nasal CPAP and preterm bradycardia: cause or cure.

Abstract

Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) is widely used for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome and apnoea of prematurity. Complications related to fixation devices have been well documented. We report a clinically well preterm baby suffering intermittent, profound episodes of bradycardia without any prior associated apnoea or desaturation. We believe these episodes were due to the oculocardiac reflex related to orbital compression from the continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) fixation straps. Bradycardia was replicated by gentle ocular compression and the episodes resolved after repositioning the CPAP straps. Vagal overstimulation has previously been reported in preterm babies but we believe this to be the first case in which pressure from CPAP strapping has been reported to trigger bradycardia. However, we suspect that similar cases could easily go unrecognised. Careful positioning of CPAP securing straps may prevent accidental vagal overstimulation contributing to episodic bradycardia.

• Authors: Andrew Torrance MacLaren, Colin Peters, Peter D MacDonald
• Journal: BMJ case reports (BMJ Case Rep) Vol. 2014 (May 23 2014) ISSN: 1757-790X [Electronic] England
• PMID: 24859550 (Publication Type: Case Reports, Journal Article)
• Copyright: 2014 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.

Topics

• Bradycardia (etiology)
• Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (instrumentation)
• Humans
• Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight
• Infant, Extremely Premature
• Infant, Newborn
• Male
• Masks (adverse effects)
• Orbit
• Pressure (adverse effects)
• Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn (therapy)
• Vagus Nerve Diseases (etiology)