Impact of a targeted typhoid vaccination campaign following cyclone Tomas, Republic of Fiji, 2010.

Abstract

After a category 4 cyclone that caused extensive population displacement and damage to water and sanitation infrastructure in Fiji in March 2010, a typhoid vaccination campaign was conducted as part of the post-disaster response. During June-December 2010, 64,015 doses of typhoid Vi polysaccharide vaccine were administered to persons ≥ 2 years of age, primarily in cyclone-affected areas that were typhoid endemic. Annual typhoid fever incidence decreased during the post-campaign year (2011) relative to preceding years (2008-2009) in three subdivisions where a large proportion of the population was vaccinated (incidence rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals: 0.23, 0.13-0.41; 0.24, 0.14-0.41; 0.58, 0.40-0.86), and increased or remained unchanged in 12 subdivisions where little to no vaccination occurred. Vaccination played a role in reducing typhoid fever incidence in high-incidence areas after a disaster and should be considered in endemic settings, along with comprehensive control measures, as recommended by the World Health Organization.

• Authors: Heather M Scobie, Eric Nilles, Mike Kama, Jacob L Kool, Eric Mintz, Kathleen A Wannemuehler, Terri B Hyde, Akanisi Dawainavesi, Sheetalpreet Singh, Samuel Korovou, Kylie Jenkins, Kashmira Date
• Journal: The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene (Am J Trop Med Hyg) Vol. 90 Issue 6 Pg. 1031-8 (Jun 2014) ISSN: 1476-1645 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 24710618 (Publication Type: Evaluation Study, Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: © The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

Chemical References

• Polysaccharides, Bacterial
• Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines
• Vi polysaccharide vaccine, typhoid

Topics

• Adolescent
• Confidence Intervals
• Cyclonic Storms
• Disasters
• Female
• Fiji (epidemiology)
• Humans
• Incidence
• Male
• Odds Ratio
• Polysaccharides, Bacterial (administration & dosage)
• Retrospective Studies
• Salmonella typhi (immunology)
• Sanitation
• Typhoid Fever (epidemiology, prevention & control)
• Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines (administration & dosage)
• Vaccination