Duration of benefit in patients with autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis after inhaled granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor therapy.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Treatment of autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP) by subcutaneous injection or inhaled therapy of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been demonstrated to be safe and efficacious in several reports. However, some reports of subcutaneous injection described transient benefit in most instances. The durability of response to inhaled GM-CSF therapy is not well characterized.

METHODS:

To elucidate the risk factors for recurrence of aPAP after GM-CSF inhalation, 35 patients were followed up, monitoring for the use of any additional PAP therapies and disease severity score every 6 months. Physiologic, serologic, and radiologic features of the patients were analyzed for the findings of 30-month observation after the end of inhalation therapy.

RESULTS:

During the observation, 23 patients remained free from additional treatments, and twelve patients required additional treatments. There were no significant differences in age, sex, symptoms, oxygenation indexes, or anti-GM-CSF antibody levels at the beginning of treatment between the two groups. Baseline vital capacity (% predicted, %VC) were higher among those who required additional treatment (P<.01). Those patients not requiring additional treatment maintained the improved disease severity score initially achieved. A significant difference in the time to additional treatment between the high %VC group (%VC≥80.5) and the low %VC group was seen by a Kaplan-Meier analysis and a log-rank test (P<.0005).

CONCLUSIONS:

These results demonstrate that inhaled GM-CSF therapy sustained remission of aPAP in more than one-half of cases, and baseline %VC might be a prognostic factor for disease recurrence.

TRIAL REGISTRY:

ISRCTN Register and JMACCT Clinical Trial Registry; No.: ISRCTN18931678 and JMAIIA00013; URL: http://www.isrctn.org and http://www.jmacct.med.or.jp.

• Authors: Ryushi Tazawa, Yoshikazu Inoue, Toru Arai, Toshinori Takada, Yasunori Kasahara, Masayuki Hojo, Shinya Ohkouchi, Yoshiko Tsuchihashi, Masanori Yokoba, Ryosuke Eda, Hideaki Nakayama, Haruyuki Ishii, Takahito Nei, Konosuke Morimoto, Yasuyuki Nasuhara, Masahito Ebina, Masanori Akira, Toshio Ichiwata, Koichiro Tatsumi, Etsuro Yamaguchi, Koh Nakata
• Journal: Chest (Chest) Vol. 145 Issue 4 Pg. 729-737 (Apr 2014) ISSN: 1931-3543 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 24158247 (Publication Type: Clinical Trial, Phase II, Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor

Topics

• Adult
• Autoimmune Diseases (drug therapy)
• Female
• Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (administration & dosage)
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Prospective Studies
• Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (drug therapy)
• Respiratory Therapy
• Time Factors