The aim of this study was to determine the serum anti-Müllerian
hormone (AMH levels) in a group of boys with
cryptorchidism before and 1 year after surgery. Additionally, the effect of
orchiopexy, based on the testicular position and morphology, was evaluated. Fifty boys who were 1-4 years old (median, 2.4 years) with
unilateral cryptorchidism were evaluated before and 1 year after they underwent
orchiopexy. Prior to the procedure, all of the patients had undergone karyotyping to exclude
chromosomal abnormalities. Blood samples were collected while obtaining blood for standard laboratory tests routinely performed just before and 12 months after surgery. Twelve months after the
orchiopexy, in most cases surgically treated testes were in the middle or lower pole of the scrotum. The descended glands were of comparable size and density in comparison with the testes on the opposite side. In the treated children, serum AMH levels measured at 12 months after
orchiopexy were similar to preoperative basal levels. The authors found that AMH levels in children with unilateral
undescended testes do not change significantly 1 year after
surgical procedure. We still do not have trustworthy factors to predict fertility in children affected with
cryptorchidism. We observed an upward trend in AMH concentration 1 year after
orchiopexy, but it was statistically insignificant. Therefore, we plan further measurements of AMH in boys after
orchiopexy to assess the influence of this procedure on gonadal function.