Abstract | RATIONALE:
Tramadol is a prescription analgesic that activates mu opioid and monoamine receptor systems. Tramadol is thought to have limited abuse potential compared to mu opioid agonists, but laboratory data indicate that it shares some of their pharmacodynamic effects. OBJECTIVES: METHODS: This inpatient, double-blind, randomized, within-subject study examined the effects of oral placebo, tramadol (87.5, 175, and 350 mg), and hydromorphone (4 and 16 mg; positive control) after 1 h pretreatment with oral naltrexone (0 and 50 mg). Ten recreational opioid users completed the study. Pharmacodynamic effects were measured before and for 7 h after initial drug administration. RESULTS: CONCLUSIONS:
Naltrexone can be used to disentangle the mixed neuropharmacological actions of tramadol. High-dose tramadol produces a mixed profile of effects. These data suggest that both mu and non-mu opioid actions play a role in tramadol's subjective profile of action.
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Authors | William W Stoops, Michelle R Lofwall, Paul A Nuzzo, Lori B Craig, Anthony J Siegel, Sharon L Walsh |
Journal | Psychopharmacology
(Psychopharmacology (Berl))
Vol. 223
Issue 4
Pg. 427-38
(Oct 2012)
ISSN: 1432-2072 [Electronic] Germany |
PMID | 22623016
(Publication Type: Comparative Study, Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural)
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Chemical References |
- Analgesics, Opioid
- Narcotic Antagonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu
- Tramadol
- Naltrexone
- Hydromorphone
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Topics |
- Adult
- Analgesics, Opioid
(administration & dosage, pharmacology)
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Double-Blind Method
- Female
- Humans
- Hydromorphone
(administration & dosage, pharmacology)
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Naltrexone
(pharmacology)
- Narcotic Antagonists
(pharmacology)
- Receptors, Opioid, mu
(drug effects)
- Tramadol
(administration & dosage, pharmacology)
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