The discovery of chlordiazepoxide and the clinical introduction of benzodiazepines: half a century of anxiolytic drugs.

Abstract

The clinical introduction of chlordiazepoxide half a century ago was one of the major breakthroughs in the history of psychopharmacology, as it opened the door for the benzodiazepine saga, the pharmacological family par excellence in the treatment of anxiety disorders. This review analyses the discovery of this drug, which was filled with chance events, and numerous chemical and clinical errors of approach. Chlordiazepoxide, initially called methaminodiazepoxide, was patented in 1958 and introduced in clinical treatment in 1960 under the brand name Librium®. The benzodiazepines became the most widely prescribed drugs worldwide, provided truly effective treatment for "minor forms" (neuroses) of mental disorders for the first time, increased the quality of scientific methodology in clinical research, and enabled the development of new etiopathogenic theories for anxiety disorders, especially after the discovery in 1977 of their high-affinity receptor complex.

• Authors: Francisco López-Muñoz, Cecilio Alamo, Pilar García-García
• Journal: Journal of anxiety disorders (J Anxiety Disord) Vol. 25 Issue 4 Pg. 554-62 (May 2011) ISSN: 1873-7897 [Electronic] Netherlands
• PMID: 21315551 (Publication Type: Historical Article, Journal Article, Review)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Anti-Anxiety Agents
• Benzodiazepines
• Chlordiazepoxide

Topics

• Anti-Anxiety Agents (history, therapeutic use)
• Anxiety Disorders (drug therapy, history)
• Benzodiazepines (history, therapeutic use)
• Chlordiazepoxide (history, therapeutic use)
• History, 20th Century
• Humans