Basal levels of nuclear localized,
tyrosine phosphorylated Stat5 are present in healthy human breast epithelia. In contrast, Stat5 phosphorylation is frequently lost during
breast cancer progression, a finding that correlates with loss of histological differentiation and poor patient prognosis. Identifying the mechanisms underlying loss of Stat5 phosphorylation could provide novel targets for
breast cancer therapy.
Pervanadate, a general
tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, revealed marked
phosphatase regulation of Stat5 activity in
breast cancer cells. Lentiviral-mediated
shRNA allowed specific examination of the regulatory role of five
tyrosine phosphatases (PTP1B,
TC-PTP, SHP1, SHP2, and VHR), previously implicated in Stat5 regulation in various systems. Enhanced and sustained
prolactin-induced Stat5
tyrosine phosphorylation was observed in T47D and MCF7
breast cancer cells selectively in response to PTP1B depletion. Conversely, PTP1B overexpression suppressed
prolactin-induced Stat5
tyrosine phosphorylation. Furthermore, PTP1B knockdown increased Stat5 reporter gene activity. Mechanistically, PTP1B suppression of Stat5 phosphorylation was mediated, at least in part, through inhibitory dephosphorylation of the Stat5
tyrosine kinase, Jak2. PTP1B knockdown enhanced sensitivity of T47D cells to
prolactin phosphorylation of Stat5 by reducing the EC(50) from 7.2 nmol/L to 2.5 nmol/L. Immunohistochemical analyses of two independent clinical
breast cancer materials revealed significant negative correlations between levels of active Stat5 and PTP1B, but not
TC-PTP. Collectively, our data implicate PTP1B as an important negative regulator of Stat5 phosphorylation in invasive
breast cancer.