Abstract |
This study used three characteristics (i.e., motive, route of administration, and co-ingestion with alcohol) of nonmedical prescription drug misuse across four separate classes (i.e., pain, sedative/anxiety, sleeping, and stimulant medications) to examine subtypes and drug related problems. A Web survey was self-administered by a randomly selected sample of 3639 undergraduate students attending a large midwestern 4-year U.S. university. Self-treatment subtypes were characterized by motives consistent with the prescription drug's pharmaceutical main indication, oral only routes of administration, and no co-ingestion with alcohol. Recreational subtypes were characterized by recreational motives, oral or non-oral routes, and co-ingestion. Mixed subtypes consisted of other combinations of motives, routes, and co-ingestion. Among those who reported nonmedical prescription drug misuse, approximately 13% were classified into the recreational subtype, while 39% were in the self-treatment subtype, and 48% were in the mixed subtype. There were significant differences in the subtypes in terms of gender, race and prescription drug class. Approximately 50% of those in subtypes other than self-treatment screened positive for drug abuse. The odds of substance use and abuse were generally lower among self-treatment subtypes than other subtypes. The findings indicate subtypes should be considered when examining nonmedical prescription drug misuse, especially for pain medication.
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Authors | Sean Esteban McCabe, Carol J Boyd, Christian J Teter |
Journal | Drug and alcohol dependence
(Drug Alcohol Depend)
Vol. 102
Issue 1-3
Pg. 63-70
(Jun 01 2009)
ISSN: 1879-0046 [Electronic] Ireland |
PMID | 19278795
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural)
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Chemical References |
- Analgesics, Opioid
- Anti-Anxiety Agents
- Central Nervous System Stimulants
- Hypnotics and Sedatives
- Prescription Drugs
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Topics |
- Adolescent
- Alcoholism
(epidemiology, psychology)
- Analgesics, Opioid
- Anti-Anxiety Agents
- Central Nervous System Stimulants
- Data Interpretation, Statistical
- Ethnicity
- Female
- Humans
- Hypnotics and Sedatives
- Logistic Models
- Male
- Motivation
- Prescription Drugs
- Self Administration
- Sex Factors
- Students
- Substance-Related Disorders
(classification, epidemiology, psychology)
- United States
(epidemiology)
- Young Adult
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