Abstract | OBJECTIVE: This investigation was undertaken to explore the prevalence and associated features of problem gambling amongst individuals with bipolar I disorder. METHODS: The data for this analysis were procured from the Canadian Community Health Survey: Mental Health and Well-being (CCHS 1.2) conducted by Statistics Canada. Individuals screening positive for a lifetime (World Mental Health- Composite International Diagnostic Interview) WMH-CIDI-defined manic episode (i.e. bipolar I disorder) or depressive episode (i.e. major depressive disorder) and current (i.e. past 12-month) problem gambling were compared to the general population without these disorders. Past year problem gambling was operationalized with the Canadian Problem Gambling Index (CPGI). RESULTS: The sample consisted of 36,984 individuals (> or = 15 years old); the weighted prevalence of problem gambling was significantly higher (6.3%) amongst the population with bipolar disorder as compared to the general population (2.0%, p<0.001) and those with major depressive disorder (2.5%, p<0.01). Compared to those without bipolar disorder, the odds of problem gambling for bipolar individuals were over twice as high (OR=2.3; 95% CI 1.4-3.7), even when controlling for potential confounders. Males also had higher odds of problem gambling (OR=1.8; 95% CI 1.4-2.3), as did individuals without post-secondary education (OR=1.4; 95% CI 1.1-1.8). Persons who were married/cohabiting had lowered odds of problem gambling, compared with those who were unmarried (OR=0.6; 95% CI 0.5-0.8). Comorbid alcohol dependence (OR=3.4; 95% CI 2.3-5.0) and illicit drug dependence (OR=2.6; 95% CI 1.1-6.2) each conferred an increased risk for problem gambling. Physical activity level (moderate to active) was associated with a decreased risk for problem gambling (OR=0.8; 95% CI 0.6-0.9). CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with bipolar I disorder are differentially affected by problem gambling. Opportunistic screening for problem gambling is warranted, particularly in persons with comorbid alcohol or substance dependence.
|
Authors | Roger S McIntyre, Susan L McElroy, Jakub Z Konarski, Joanna K Soczynska, Kathryn Wilkins, Sidney H Kennedy |
Journal | Journal of affective disorders
(J Affect Disord)
Vol. 102
Issue 1-3
Pg. 27-34
(Sep 2007)
ISSN: 0165-0327 [Print] Netherlands |
PMID | 17240457
(Publication Type: Journal Article)
|
Topics |
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Bipolar Disorder
(epidemiology)
- Canada
(epidemiology)
- Depressive Disorder, Major
(epidemiology)
- Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders
(epidemiology)
- Female
- Gambling
(psychology)
- Health Status
- Health Surveys
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prevalence
- Substance-Related Disorders
(epidemiology)
|