Post-marketing surveillance: adverse events during long-term use of atovaquone/proguanil for travelers to malaria-endemic countries.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Atovaquone/proguanil in Europe is only licensed for 4 weeks of travel. Data on its long-term tolerability in nonimmune travelers are scarce.

METHODS:

We prospectively studied adverse reactions reported by long-term travelers using atovaquone/proguanil among a population intolerant to mefloquine. The average length of atovaquone/proguanil use was 9 weeks (4.5 to 34 weeks). Adverse events were recorded on a regular questionnaire. Travelers rated complaints as: (1) mild, not interfering with their daily activities; (2) moderate, causing interference, such as canceling a trip or being confined to the hotel; or (3) severe, causing a visit to a doctor or clinic. Hospital admission was classified as category 3 and specified. We then compared our data with those on adverse reactions from 2 large multicenter studies of atovaquone/proguanil in nonimmune travelers.

RESULTS:

One hundred and fifty-four subjects used atovaquone/proguanil for a total of 1538 weeks. Diarrhea was the most common ailment (18%). Further complaints were abdominal pain (mild 4%, moderate 5%, severe 2%), headache (mild 4%, moderate 4%, severe 1%), dizziness (mild 3%, moderate 1%, severe 1%), and insomnia (mild 6%, moderate 0%, severe 0%). Two subjects of 154 (1%) discontinued prophylaxis, both due to diarrhea. Nobody was admitted to hospital. No case of malaria was reported. Comparison with data from previous, larger atovaquone/proguanil studies shows that the adverse events reported by the long-term atovaquone/proguanil users are no different in type and frequency of occurrence to those travel-related health problems normally encountered in the Tropics.

CONCLUSIONS:

Atovaquone/proguanil was well tolerated by these long-term travelers. Long-term users of atovaquone/ proguanil antimalarial prophylaxis suffer no more ailments than normally occur to travelers in tropical regions.

• Authors: David Overbosch
• Journal: Journal of travel medicine (J Travel Med) Vol. 10 Suppl 1 Pg. S16-20; discussion S21-3 (May 2003) ISSN: 1195-1982 [Print] England
• PMID: 12737756 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Antimalarials
• Drug Combinations
• Naphthoquinones
• atovaquone, proguanil drug combination
• Proguanil
• Atovaquone

Topics

• Antimalarials (administration & dosage, adverse effects)
• Atovaquone
• Drug Combinations
• Endemic Diseases
• Europe (epidemiology)
• Female
• Humans
• Longitudinal Studies
• Malaria (epidemiology, prevention & control)
• Male
• Naphthoquinones (administration & dosage, adverse effects)
• Product Surveillance, Postmarketing
• Proguanil (administration & dosage, adverse effects)
• Prospective Studies
• Surveys and Questionnaires
• Travel