In this review, we critically assess the literature on the incidence of
postphlebitic syndrome, risk factors for its occurrence, available therapeutic options, and its effects on quality of life. As well, we describe available tools to measure
postphlebitic syndrome. Recent prospective studies indicate that
postphlebitic syndrome, a chronic, potentially disabling condition characterized by leg swelling,
pain, venous
ectasia, and skin induration, is established by 1 year after
deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in 17% to 50% of patients. The only prospectively identified risk factor for its occurrence is recurrent ipsilateral DVT. In the sole randomized study available, daily use of elastic
compression stockings after proximal DVT reduced the incidence of
postphlebitic syndrome by 50%. Treatment options for established
postphlebitic syndrome are limited, but include
compression stockings and intermittent compressive
therapy with an extremity pump for severe cases. To date, quality of life after DVT has received little attention in the literature. The recent development of the VEINES-QOL questionnaire, a validated venous-disease-specific measure of quality of life, should encourage researchers to include quality of life as a routine outcome measure after DVT. There is no criterion standard for the diagnosis of
postphlebitic syndrome, but a validated clinical scoring system does exist. More research on
postphlebitic syndrome is needed to enable us to provide DVT patients with comprehensive, evidence-based information regarding their long-term prognosis, to help quantify the prevalence and health care burden of
postphlebitic syndrome, and by identifying predictors of poor outcome, to develop new preventive strategies in patients at risk of developing this condition.