Neurodevelopmental Disorders

These are a group of conditions with onset in the developmental period. The disorders typically manifest early in development, often before the child enters grade school, and are characterized by developmental deficits that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning. (From DSM-5).

Also Known As:

Child Mental Disorders; Mental Disorders Diagnosed in Childhood; Child Mental Disorder; Disorder, Child Mental; Disorder, Neurodevelopmental; Mental Disorder, Child; Mental Disorders, Child; Neurodevelopmental Disorder; Mental Disorders Usually Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood or Adolescence; Neurodevelopmental Disorders Usually Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood or Adolescence

Networked: 3095 relevant articles (44 outcomes, 306 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Mental Disorders: 24177
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders: 3095

Related Diseases

1.	Rett Syndrome (Rett's Disorder)
2.	Autism Spectrum Disorder
3.	Autistic Disorder (Autism)
4.	Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)
5.	Neurodegenerative Diseases (Neurodegenerative Disease)

Experts

1.	LaSalle, Janine M: 18 articles (01/2022 - 06/2002)
2.	Hayek, Joussef: 17 articles (06/2021 - 08/2009)
3.	Rosenfeld, Jill A: 16 articles (01/2022 - 03/2014)
4.	Sahin, Mustafa: 15 articles (10/2022 - 04/2011)
5.	Keren, Boris: 15 articles (01/2022 - 11/2018)
6.	Neul, Jeffrey L: 15 articles (01/2022 - 06/2008)
7.	De Felice, Claudio: 15 articles (04/2021 - 08/2009)
8.	Zoghbi, Huda Y: 15 articles (01/2020 - 01/2002)
9.	Faivre, Laurence: 14 articles (10/2022 - 09/2009)
10.	Kleefstra, Tjitske: 14 articles (10/2022 - 04/2014)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Neurodevelopmental Disorders:

1.	Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)IBA 10/01/2015 - "Here, evidence will be provided to support the potential of 7,8-DHF as a novel treatment for several neurodevelopmental disorders where the BDNF signalling pathway is implicated in the pathophysiology and where benefits are therefore most likely to be derived from its implementation. " 01/01/2021 - "Serum BDNF and plasma HDL are potential candidates to be further validated as effect markers for routine use in HBM studies of Pb, complemented by markers of Fe and Ca status to also address nutritional interactions related to neurodevelopmental disorders. " 04/01/2020 - "The Val66Met polymorphism of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has emerged as a high-interest genetic variant due to its importance in cortical maturation, and several studies have implicated its involvement in neurodevelopmental disorders. " 09/01/2022 - "Meanwhile, exposure to metals might interact with BDNF gene to increase the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. " 04/15/2022 - "NKCC1 Deficiency in Forming Hippocampal Circuits Triggers Neurodevelopmental Disorder: Role of BDNF-TrkB Signalling."
2.	Biomarkers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 11/30/2022 - "Considering the heterogeneity of neurodevelopmental disorders, we also highlight the recent progress in developing improved clinical biomarkers and strategies that will help to identify novel therapeutic compounds and opportunities for early intervention." 01/01/2018 - "Finally, an improved model of early motor development, combined with multimodal imaging, will provide a novel source of in utero biomarkers predictive of neurodevelopmental disorders." 01/01/2019 - "This clinical research model has promise for integrative biomarker research in individuals with complex, heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders such as ASD." 03/01/2023 - "Different components of the ERP have been used for t he study of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as the P300, N400 component or the N170 component as a biomarker of social dysfunction in ASD. " 01/01/2023 - "Further studies are needed to establish reliable relationships between quantitative EEG biomarkers and clinical phenotypes in rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorders."
3.	AntioxidantsIBA 12/01/2018 - "The present study provides further evidence that the diseased placenta may release factors that damage cortical cells and suggests the possibility of targeted antioxidant treatment of the placenta to prevent neurodevelopmental disorders." 01/01/2019 - "Anti-oxidant restoration of mitochondrial integrity, cortical connectivity, and cognitive behavior defines oxidative stress as a therapeutic target in neurodevelopmental disorders." 12/01/2020 - "Several studies propose antioxidant supplementation as a strategy to lower autism risk, and/or suggest connections between childhood neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and paternally-derived DNMs. " 06/01/2013 - "On the other hand, oxidative unbalance, either by an impairment of antioxidant defenses or by an intensified production of ROS, is increasingly related to risk factors of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as schizophrenia. " 02/17/2023 - "Natural polyphenols have been found to have some protective effects against neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, which are attributed to a variety of biological properties, particularly antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory effects. "
4.	Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2IBA 12/01/2023 - "Rett (RTT) syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder, results from loss-of-function mutations in methyl-CpG-binding protein 2. We studied activity-dependent plasticity induced by sensory deprivation via whisker trimming in early symptomatic male mutant mice to assess neural rewiring capability. " 10/11/2023 - "Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2), a reader of DNA methylation, has been extensively investigated for its function in neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders. " 01/01/2021 - "It has been demonstrated that methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) plays a vital role in neuronal development and MeCP2 malfunction causes various neurodevelopmental disorders. " 03/01/2012 - "Several neurodevelopmental disorders are marked by atypical Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) expression or function; however, the role of MeCP2 is complex and not entirely clear. " 09/08/2009 - "Mutations in the MECP2 protein cause microencephalopathy and are associated with several neurodevelopmental disorders that affect both brain morphology and cognition. "
5.	Oxytocin (Pitocin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2015 - "Oxytocin has been suggested as a promising new treatment for neurodevelopmental disorders. " 01/01/2023 - "In this review, we discuss some of the concepts and mechanisms related to the role of oxytocin in the pathophysiology and management of some neuropsychiatric, neurodegenerative, and neurodevelopmental disorders." 01/01/2023 - "Role of Oxytocin in Different Neuropsychiatric, Neurodegenerative, and Neurodevelopmental Disorders." 01/01/2022 - "Intranasal oxytocin (IN OXT) administration has been proposed as a pharmacological treatment for a range of biomedical conditions including neurodevelopmental disorders. " 12/01/2021 - "The interplay between glutamatergic circuits and oxytocin neurons in the hypothalamus and its relevance to neurodevelopmental disorders."
6.	MelatoninIBA 01/01/2022 - "We found evidence that melatonin significantly improved sleep onset latency and total sleep time, but not sleep awaking, in children and adolescents with a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders, and sleep onset latency (measured by diary) as well as total sleep time (measured with polysomnography) in adults with delayed sleep phase disorder. " 06/01/2015 - "Melatonin for sleep disturbance in children with neurodevelopmental disorders: prospective observational naturalistic study." 11/05/2012 - "Melatonin for sleep problems in children with neurodevelopmental disorders: randomised double masked placebo controlled trial." 01/01/2012 - "The use of MElatonin in children with neurodevelopmental disorders and impaired sleep: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study (MENDS)." 11/01/2008 - "The drug was found to be stable in the common liquids and foods tested for up to 6 hours at room temperature (no degradation peak); hence it is unlikely to compromise the results of the Use of Melatonin in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Impaired Sleep trial."
7.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 02/27/2017 - "We further demonstrate that buccal sampling is an effective method of obtaining DNA samples, which may provide improved results compared to traditional blood sampling for patients with neurodevelopmental disorders who exhibit somatic mosaicism." 01/01/2023 - "DNA sequencing-based studies of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) have identified a wide range of genetic determinants. " 01/01/2022 - "Method: In this study, we applied the mate-pair low pass (∼4X) genome sequencing with large DNA-insert (∼5 kb) in a cohort of 100 patients with neurodevelopmental disorders who did not receive informative results from a routine CNV investigation. " 10/01/2010 - "Taken together these studies bring the CAM pathway sharply into focus for more comprehensive DNA sequencing to identify the critical genes, and investigate their relationships and interaction with environmental risk factors in the expression of many seemingly different neurodevelopmental disorders." 10/03/2023 - "Here we studied the genomic architecture of DUP-TRP/INV-DUP by investigating the genomic DNA of 24 patients with neurodevelopmental disorders identified by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) on whom we found evidence for the existence of 4 out of 4 predicted SV haplotypes. "
8.	ChromatinIBA 02/01/2011 - "We also discuss the need for improved neuronal cell culture systems that model human 15q11-13 and other neurodevelopmental disorders with epigenetic bases in order to test the mechanisms of chromatin dynamics and nuclear organization in neurons. " 11/21/2019 - "Specifically, the pivotal role of chromatin regulation in transcription has placed enhancers at the core of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) studies, ushering in the coining of the term enhanceropathies. " 01/01/2018 - "One of the most striking outcomes of the recent surge of sequencing-based studies on neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) is the emergence of chromatin regulation as one of the two domains most affected by causative mutations or Copy Number Variations besides synaptic function, whose involvement had been largely predicted for obvious reasons. " 12/01/2023 - "A clustering of heterozygous missense variants in the crucial chromatin modifier WDR5 defines a new neurodevelopmental disorder." 11/01/2023 - "Here, we uncover and functionally define pathogenic variants in the chromatin modifier EZH1 as the cause of dominant and recessive neurodevelopmental disorders in 19 individuals. "
9.	Folic Acid (Vitamin M)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2019 - "Here, we review all published case/control association studies on gene polymorphisms in folate and folate-related pathways performed on neurodevelopmental disorders, provide an overview of neurodevelopment and DNA methylation changes occurring at this time, and describe the biological basis of neurodevelopmental disorders and recent evidence of their epigenetic dysregulation." 09/14/2015 - "In this review, we provide an overview of what is known about the role of folate in the aetiology of neurodevelopmental disorders; summarise relevant biological, genetic and epigenetic mechanisms; and synthesise the evidence from human observational studies and randomised controlled trials that have examined the relationship between maternal folate and ASD or related traits. " 07/01/2022 - "Dietary folic acid augmentation during gestation reduces neurodevelopmental disorder risk in offspring; however, it is still unclear if excessive maternal folic acid intake can impair brain function in offspring. " 01/25/2022 - "To lower the risk of congenital malformations and neurodevelopmental disorders, a single AED at the optimal dose and supplementation with folic acid is recommended. " 09/01/2021 - "In addition, cerebral folate deficiency is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. "
10.	Therapeutic UsesIBA 01/01/2023 - "In addition, we describe neurobehavioral alterations occurring in some specific neurodevelopmental disorders for which a possible therapeutic use of SGs has been suggested. " 01/01/2017 - "Although transdifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into neurons increases the possibility of therapeutic use of MSCs for neurodevelopmental disorders, the use of MSCs has the limitation on differentiation efficiency to neuronal lineage and lack of an easy method to monitor the transdifferentiation. " 10/01/2019 - "Although repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has been studied for neurodevelopmental disorders, there is no clear consensus on its therapeutic effects. " 01/01/2021 - "The current study hypothesised that the administration of HJ would exhibit therapeutic effects in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental disorder with lifelong consequences. " 12/01/2016 - "Limited studies have investigated the potential therapeutic effects of these natural compounds on neurodevelopmental disorders associated with intellectual disability, such as Down syndrome (DS), for which mitochondrial dysfunctions and oxidative stress are hallmarks and contribute to the deleterious symptoms and cognitive decline. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 04/01/2010 - "As MeCP2 occupies a central role in the pathogenesis of multiple neurodevelopmental disorders, continued investigation into MeCP2 function and regulatory pathways may show promise for developing broad-spectrum therapies." 10/01/2021 - "The efficacy of treatment using bell and pad alarm therapy is not well reported especially in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. " 12/01/2018 - "Neural stem cell therapy has shown great promise for treating neurodevelopmental disorders. " 02/01/2016 - "The positive outcomes of environmental stimulation and physical exercise have implications for the development of therapies targeting the affective symptoms, as well as behavioral and cognitive dimensions, of this devastating neurodevelopmental disorder." 11/01/2022 - "Emerging pre-clinical and clinical studies have documented a potential role for the gut microbiome in ASD, and consequently, the microbiota represents a potential target in the development of novel therapeutics for this neurodevelopmental disorder. "
2.	Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation 05/18/2022 - "The mechanism underlying tDCS effects is the modulation of excitatory and/or inhibitory activity, making it a valuable tool for restoring the excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance which is disrupted in many neurodevelopmental disorders. " 07/01/2020 - "Transcranial direct current stimulation for compulsivity in adolescent fraternal twins with neurodevelopmental disorders." 01/01/2016 - "Preliminary research suggests that tDCS may be well tolerated and safe for children and adolescents with psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. " 05/18/2022 - "An increasing amount of research into the effects of tDCS on neuronal activity has provided a foundation for its use as a therapy for behavior and cognitive characteristics of neurodevelopmental disorders. " 05/18/2022 - "Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been proposed as a promising therapy for rehabilitation of neurodevelopmental disorders. "
3.	Precision Medicine 01/01/2019 - "Improved characterization of approach and avoidance motivation across neurodevelopmental disorders has the potential to inform the development of novel interventions and personalized medicine." 02/07/2023 - "Delivering paediatric precision medicine: Genomic and environmental considerations along the causal pathway of childhood neurodevelopmental disorders." 12/01/2022 - "Challenges and opportunities for precision medicine in neurodevelopmental disorders." 01/01/2022 - "The model will provide precision medicine across the full spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders." 01/01/2022 - "Delivering paediatric precision medicine: Genomic and environmental considerations along the causal pathway of childhood neurodevelopmental disorders."
4.	Deep Brain Stimulation 10/27/2021 - "Chronic forniceal deep brain stimulation rescued hippocampal memory deficits, restored synaptic plasticity, and relieved feedforward inhibition in Cdkl5+/- mice, as it had previously done with Rett syndrome mice, suggesting that such stimulation may be useful for other neurodevelopmental disorders." 12/01/2015 - "Neurodevelopmental disorders: Deep brain stimulation alleviates hippocampal memory deficit in a mouse model of Rett syndrome."
5.	Aquatic Therapy 09/09/2023 - "To summarize the evidence on the efficacy of aquatic therapy on motor and social skill as well as executive function compared with land-based exercises in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. " 09/09/2023 - "Further research is needed to further elucidate the clinical utility of aquatic therapy for children with neurodevelopmental disorder at long-term follow-up." 09/09/2023 - "The Effectiveness of Aquatic Therapy on Motor and Social Skill as Well as Executive Function in Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." 11/02/2019 - "Content Comparison of Aquatic Therapy Outcome Measures for Children with Neuromuscular and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health."