Pneumorrhachis

Presence of air or gas within the spinal canal cavity (EPIDURAL SPACE; or SUBARACHNOID SPACE). It may result from traumatic injuries, emphysema, infection and other conditions. It can also develop as a complication of various SURGICAL PROCEDURES (e.g., MYELOGRAPHY).

Also Known As:

Networked: 39 relevant articles (1 outcomes, 0 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Mediastinal Emphysema (Pneumomediastinum)
2.	Subcutaneous Emphysema
3.	Pneumocephalus
4.	Pneumothorax
5.	Pneumopericardium

Experts

1.	Camacho, Óscar: 1 article (03/2022)
2.	Dias-Vaz, Marta: 1 article (03/2022)
3.	Ferreira, António P: 1 article (03/2022)
4.	Gaio-Lima, Clara: 1 article (03/2022)
5.	Oliveira, Belinda: 1 article (03/2022)
6.	Romano-Ribeiro, Carolina: 1 article (03/2022)
7.	Ignacio, Redondo José: 1 article (11/2021)
8.	Jaime, Viscasillas: 1 article (11/2021)
9.	María de Los Reyes, Marti-Scharfhausen: 1 article (11/2021)
10.	Anderson, I A: 1 article (07/2021)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Pneumorrhachis:

1.	Oxygen (Dioxygen)IBA 07/11/2023 - "Massive Air Leak Syndrome During High Flow Oxygen Therapy and a Rare Complication: Pneumorrhachis." 03/31/2022 - "Abnormal motor blockade after epidural analgesia caused by pneumorrhachis and the role of hyperbaric oxygen treatment: a case report." 07/01/2021 - "However, if pneumorrhachis does occur, oxygen therapy, positioning of the patient to mitigate the gravitational effect of the air bubbles and supportive treatment are the central elements of management. " 01/01/2018 - "Spontaneous pneumomediastinum and pneumorrhachis usually resolve with conservative therapy such as bed rest, analgesic agents, and supplemental oxygen. "
2.	Cocaine (Cocaine HCl)IBA 01/01/2015 - "Emergency physicians should know the possible complications of cocaine use and be prepared for rare complications such as pneumorrhachis. " 01/01/2015 - "In this report we present a case of pneumorrhachis that developed after cocaine use. " 01/01/2020 - "Pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema and pneumorrhachis following cocaine insufflation: a case report." 08/07/2017 - " a rare clinical finding, cocaine-related pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema and pneumorrhachis should be recognised early on presentation. " 08/07/2017 - "Cocaine-related subcutaneous emphysema, pneumorrhachis and pneumomediastinum: a rare clinical finding."
3.	SteroidsIBA 04/01/2021 - "Intramedullary pneumorrhachis following a cervical epidural steroid injection." 07/01/2014 - "Pneumorrhachis and pneumocephalus with severe chest pain symptom: a rare complication of epidural steroid injection."
4.	Nitrous Oxide (Laughing Gas)IBA 01/01/2018 - "Pneumomediastinum and pneumorrhachis from recreational nitrous oxide inhalation: no laughing matter."
5.	Appetite Depressants (Anorectics)IBA 04/01/2017 - "A rare case combining pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium, pneumoperitoneum, pneumorrhachis, air in retroperitoneum and extensive subcutaneous emphysema simultaneously in a severely anorectic male with BMI 9.2 (22.8 kg) and multiple vomitings is presented. "
6.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 02/01/2011 - "He required a Hartmann's procedure and broad spectrum intra-thecal antibiotics which led to resolution of the pneumorrhachis and pneumocranium."
7.	Analgesics (Analgesic Drugs)IBA 01/01/2018 - "Spontaneous pneumomediastinum and pneumorrhachis usually resolve with conservative therapy such as bed rest, analgesic agents, and supplemental oxygen. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Oxygen Inhalation Therapy 11/01/2019 - "In both cases, pneumorrhachis improved with oxygen inhalation therapy and treatment of the underlying disease. "
2.	Conservative Treatment 11/01/2023 - "Although patients with pneumorrhachis retained a higher CRP level, more identified predisposing factors and prolonged inpatient care, conservative management without an extensive work-up would be an appropriate and favorable strategy in pediatrics with concurrent SPM and PR." 05/15/2023 - "Pneumorrhachis is an incidental radiological finding that self-resolves with conservative management. " 01/01/2018 - "Pneumomediastinum and pneumorrhachis resolved with conservative management in both episodes." 01/01/2020 - "A 56-year-old woman presented 10 days after a left upper lobectomy with severe headache due to pneumocephalus and pneumorrhachis, which resolved on conservative treatment. " 12/15/2009 - "Previous reports have suggested that traumatic epidural pneumorrhachis was usually asymptomatic and a combination of pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and subcutaneous emphysema following major trauma and managed by conservative treatment. "
3.	Epidural Analgesia 01/01/2021 - "Conclusion: Epidural analgesia can lead to pneumorrhachis and can cause pneumothorax leading to respiratory distress." 01/01/2021 - "Pneumorrhachis and pneumothorax are rare complications of epidural analgesia. " 01/01/2021 - "Pneumorrhachis and pneumothorax after epidural analgesia: A case report and review." 12/22/2018 - "We report cases of pneumorrhachis and pneumocephalus in two Korean women who previously visited a local pain clinic and underwent epidural analgesia. " 12/22/2018 - "If cardiac arrest occurs after epidural analgesia, pneumocephalus and pneumorrhachis should be considered as its cause. "
4.	Therapeutics 12/15/2009 - "These findings may be useful in alerting trauma specialists to carefully evaluate the associated pathologies leading to pneumorrhachis enabling adequate therapy." 07/11/2023 - "Massive Air Leak Syndrome During High Flow Oxygen Therapy and a Rare Complication: Pneumorrhachis." 07/01/2021 - "However, if pneumorrhachis does occur, oxygen therapy, positioning of the patient to mitigate the gravitational effect of the air bubbles and supportive treatment are the central elements of management. "
5.	Pedicle Screws 07/01/2017 - "Epidural pneumorrhachis is a possible complication of scoliosis surgery with pedicle screw fixation, which can result in the intraoperative loss of neuromonitoring signals; however, rapid identification and intervention can result in an excellent outcome." 01/01/2014 - "We report the case of a patient who developed pneumocephalus and pneumorrhachis after lumbar disc surgery and pedicle screw fixation. "