Retrognathia

A physical misalignment of the upper (maxilla) and lower (mandibular) jaw bones in which either or both recede relative to the frontal plane of the forehead.

Also Known As:

Mandibular Retroposition; Mandibular Retrusion; Maxillary Retroposition; Maxillary Retrusion; Retrognathism; Mandibular Retropositions; Mandibular Retrusions; Maxillary Retropositions; Maxillary Retrusions; Retrognathias; Retrognathisms; Retroposition, Mandibular; Retroposition, Maxillary; Retropositions, Mandibular; Retropositions, Maxillary; Retrusion, Mandibular; Retrusion, Maxillary; Retrusions, Mandibular; Retrusions, Maxillary

Networked: 383 relevant articles (16 outcomes, 37 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Malocclusion (Crossbite)
2.	Prognathism
3.	Rheumatoid Arthritis
4.	Congenital Abnormalities (Deformity)
5.	Open Bite (Openbite)

Experts

1.	Shen, Gang: 6 articles (07/2016 - 02/2010)
2.	Iida, Seiji: 3 articles (11/2016 - 08/2007)
3.	Gong, Yao: 3 articles (02/2016 - 10/2014)
4.	Li, Pei-lun: 3 articles (02/2016 - 10/2014)
5.	Wang, Hong-hong: 3 articles (02/2016 - 10/2014)
6.	Wei, Bin: 3 articles (02/2016 - 10/2014)
7.	Yu, Quan: 3 articles (02/2016 - 10/2014)
8.	Franchi, Lorenzo: 3 articles (09/2015 - 06/2009)
9.	Ceylan, Ismail: 3 articles (09/2014 - 09/2009)
10.	Yavuz, Ibrahim: 3 articles (09/2014 - 09/2009)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Retrognathia:

1.	Methotrexate (Mexate)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2000 - "The results demonstrated the following: (1) radiographic evidence of condylar degeneration was apparent in 63% of all patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis with pauciarticular patients showing less temporomandibular involvement than polyarticular patients; (2) polyarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving methotrexate showed less severe temporomandibular joint involvement than the polyarticular patients not receiving methotrexate; (3) the craniofacial structure was affected to a greater extent in the polyarticular form of the disease; (4) the craniomandibular index scores were significantly greater in the polyarticular group; (5) vertical height asymmetry and chin deviation were noted in more than 50% of the patients; and (6) there was a correlation between the severity of condylar lesions and cephalometric findings (ie, mandibular retroposition, posterior rotation, smaller ramus and mandibular dimensions) and the onset and duration of the disease. "
2.	Alcian BlueIBA 07/01/2001 - "A triploid fetus (karyotype 69, XXX) with crown-rump length (CRL) 94 mm, presenting micro- and retrognathia, low-set ears and crooked feet, was cleared and double-stained with alizarin red S and alcian blue for detecting the ossification patterns in the vertebral column, ribs, ischium, limbs, and face. "
3.	Alizarin Red SIBA 07/01/2001 - "A triploid fetus (karyotype 69, XXX) with crown-rump length (CRL) 94 mm, presenting micro- and retrognathia, low-set ears and crooked feet, was cleared and double-stained with alizarin red S and alcian blue for detecting the ossification patterns in the vertebral column, ribs, ischium, limbs, and face. "
4.	beta-sitosterol oleateIBA 09/01/2018 - "Aim of this study was 1) to evaluate long-term dental/skeletal stability in patients with mandibular retrognathia corrected by BSSO, and 2) to examine factors associated with relapse. " 02/01/2007 - "There is a need for randomized clinical trials comparing the two techniques in all types of mandibular retrognathia, in order to provide evidence-based guidelines for selecting which retrognathia cases are preferably treated by BSSO or DO, both from the surgeon's and the patient's perspective." 09/01/2022 - "The inclusion criteria include patient aged 18-40 years, any gender, and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class I. They will undergo BSSO for either mandibular, retrognathia, prognathic, or to follow the maxilla. " 02/01/2017 - "This retrospective study included consecutive patients who underwent BSSO for mandibular retrognathia. " 02/01/2007 - "In all other mandibular retrognathia patients the treatment outcomes of DO and BSSO seemed to be comparable. "
5.	ElementsIBA 01/01/2022 - "Effects of the advanced mandibular spring on mandibular retrognathia treatment: a three-dimensional finite element study." 03/01/2021 - "Two different treatment scenarios were performed on skull model obtained from computerized tomography images of skeletal Class III patients with maxillary retrognathia and finite element analysis was performed. " 03/01/2021 - "To compare two different skeletal anchorage methods with finite element analysis in the treatment of Class III patients with maxillary retrognathia. "
6.	Vitamin D3 24-HydroxylaseIBA 05/02/2021 - "In this study we evaluated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes encoding PTH, VDR, CYP24A1, and CYP27B1 were associated with mandibular retrognathism (MR). " 05/02/2021 - "Our results suggest that SNPs in PTH, VDR, CYP24A1, and CYP27B1 genes are associated with the presence of mandibular retrognathism."
7.	25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase (25 Hydroxyvitamin D3 1 alpha Hydroxylase)IBA 05/02/2021 - "In this study we evaluated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes encoding PTH, VDR, CYP24A1, and CYP27B1 were associated with mandibular retrognathism (MR). " 05/02/2021 - "Our results suggest that SNPs in PTH, VDR, CYP24A1, and CYP27B1 genes are associated with the presence of mandibular retrognathism."
8.	Betamethasone (Celestone)FDA Link 02/01/2015 - "Thirty-seven patients (mean age 23.62 years, range 17-62 years) with either mandibular prognathism or retrognathism were enrolled consecutively into the study and divided into three groups: control (n=12), repeated dose 4+8+4mg betamethasone (n=14), single dose 16mg betamethasone (n=11). "
9.	Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II ReceptorIBA 01/01/2022 - "Thus, this study is aimed at evaluating whether genetic polymorphisms in TGFB1 and its receptor TGFBR2 are associated with mandibular retrognathism in German children and adolescents. " 01/01/2022 - "In conclusion, we found that the genetic polymorphism rs3087465 in the promoter region of the TGFBR2 was associated with mandibular retrognathism in Germans." 01/01/2022 - "The genetic polymorphism rs3087465 in TGFBR2 was associated with mandibular retrognathism. " 01/01/2022 - "Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor 2 (TGFBR2) Promoter Region Polymorphisms May Be Involved in Mandibular Retrognathism."
10.	antineoplaston A10 (A 10)IBA 01/01/2018 - "In the present study, authors report a therapy note referred to a 10 years old patient, woman, affected by Class II, with mandibular retrusion and deep bite, treated in 2013 at the Dep. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Distraction Osteogenesis 11/01/2008 - "The present case report suggests that an orthodontic treatment combined with mandibular distraction osteogenesis in a patient with mandibular retrusion in the late growth period might be effective for improving stomatognathic function." 07/01/2021 - "Distraction osteogenesis is a viable treatment option for patients with a cleft associated with severe maxillary retrusion. " 01/01/2020 - "Key words:Retrognathia, bone regeneration, osteogenesis, distraction." 07/01/2019 - "Evaluation of use of distraction osteogenesis in mandibular retrognathia and its effect on soft and hard tissues and airway." 08/01/2017 - "Treatment outcomes of archwise distraction osteogenesis in mandibular dentoalveolar retrognathia cases."
2.	Osteotomy 11/01/2015 - "The study was conducted on 6 patients who required bilateral sagittal split osteotomy for correction of mandibular retrognathism. " 01/01/2020 - "We aimed to compare the postoperative stability of conventional bimaxillary surgery (with bilateral sagittal split osteotomy) with that of maxillary impaction surgery (with mandibular autorotation without bilateral sagittal split osteotomy) in patients with skeletal class II retrognathia. " 01/01/2019 - "For treatment providers it is important to recognise patients who might benefit from a bimaxillary osteotomy, such as patients with OSA and retrognathia." 01/01/2019 - "All patients with CLP who had undergone Le Fort I osteotomy for maxillary retrognathia between 2007 and 2010 at Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden (n = 21). " 07/01/2018 - "Determining the Patient-Specific Optimum Osteotomy Line for Severe Mandibular Retrognathia Patients."
3.	Therapeutics 12/01/2005 - "For children who suffer from maxillary retrognathia, face mask therapy is a promising treatment modality. " 07/01/2016 - "The data for the study were collected from the pre- and post-treatment records of patients of maxillary retrusion treated with skeletally anchored and conventional facemask therapy. " 07/25/2023 - "Maxillary retrusion in a growing skeletal class III patient can be treated with growth modification by facemask therapy with skeletal anchorage. " 08/01/2021 - "Motor learning by repetitive training of the mandible into an anterior position might help to improve the results of functional appliance therapy among patients with mandibular retrognathism." 01/01/2021 - "In this case, a functional device associated with an orthodontic fixed finishing and a correct retention phase were necessary to correctly treat a second-class mandibular retrusion whose result remained stable 20 years after the end of therapy."
4.	Continuous Positive Airway Pressure 11/01/2022 - "Continuous positive airway pressure and MAD are both effective in treating severe OSA patients with mandibular retrognathia. " 11/01/2022 - "Currently, there are no studies that have compared the effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) versus mandibular advancement device (MAD) in severe OSA patients with mandibular retrognathia. " 12/01/2006 - "Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect the prevalence of SDB in patients with acquired retrognathia secondary to rheumatoid arthritis and to assess the efficacy of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nasal CPAP) therapy in patients with SDB. " 11/01/2022 - "Effectiveness of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Versus Mandibular Advancement Device in Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients With Mandibular Retrognathia: A Prospective Clinical Trial."
5.	Dental Occlusion 08/06/2023 - "After excluding children with known OSA, patients with SDB are also likely to have class III dental occlusion and maxillary retrusion." 08/06/2023 - "These subjects were more likely to have class III dental occlusion with maxillary retrusion (OR = 2.65, 95% CI: 1.2-5.8, p = 0.02). " 01/01/2005 - "This results in the skeletal midline deviating to the affected side, a lack of vertical growth on the same side produces a cant of the occlusal plane and mandibular retrognathism is seen as a result of the hypoplasia. " 03/01/2016 - "Because the patient had a vertical maxillary height difference and an occlusal plane cant together with maxillary retrusion, a differential downgraft and advancement surgery with Lefort I osteotomy was planned. " 05/01/1982 - "Whereas the first type of reaction results in an improvement in mandibular retrognathism, a marked rotation of the occlusal plane, and good vertical control of the upper and lower dental arches, the second type is distinguished by a significant reduction of maxillary prognathism, downward and backward rotation of the mandible, and forward tipping of the lower incisors. "