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Herpes Genitalis (Genital Herpes)

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Infection of the genitals (GENITALIA) with HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS in either the males or the females.

Also Known As:

Genital Herpes; Herpes Simplex Virus Genital Infection; Genital Herpes Simplex; Herpes, Genital; Herpes Simplex, Genital

Networked: 879 relevant articles (154 outcomes, 183 trials/studies) for this Disease, Comments

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Infection
2.	Herpes Zoster
3.	Chickenpox
4.	Pain (Aches)
5.	Herpes Simplex Encephalitis (Herpes Encephalitis)

Experts

1.	Wald, Anna: 13 articles (04/2012 - 04/2002)
2.	Corey, Lawrence: 10 articles (12/2009 - 04/2002)
3.	Warren, Terri: 6 articles (06/2007 - 10/2002)
4.	Corey, L: 5 articles (08/2012 - 02/2000)
5.	Harandi, Ali M: 5 articles (06/2012 - 01/2003)
6.	Herold, Betsy C: 5 articles (01/2011 - 04/2005)
7.	Sacks, Stephen L: 5 articles (12/2009 - 01/2004)
8.	Bourne, Nigel: 4 articles (09/2012 - 10/2005)
9.	Ashkar, Ali A: 4 articles (08/2011 - 04/2003)
10.	Wilson, Sarah S: 4 articles (01/2011 - 05/2007)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Herpes Genitalis:

1.	Acyclovir (Aciclovir)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/1991 - "There is good evidence that early treatment with systemic Acyclovir is effective in patients with a first attack of genital herpes. " 07/01/1994 - "Continuous infusion of acyclovir is more effective than discontinuous infusion for treatment of genital herpes in an immunocompromised patient." 08/29/1988 - "Daily administration of oral acyclovir for one year is superior to intermittent or placebo treatment in the management of patients with frequently recurring genital herpes." 11/01/1983 - "Topical therapy with 10% araA-2',3'-diacetate, initiated at 24 h postinfection, was as effective as, if not more effective than, acyclovir in reducing the severity of herpes genitalis in guinea pigs. " 12/01/2003 - "Acyclovir prophylaxis beginning at 36 weeks' gestation was effective in reducing clinical HSV recurrences at the time of delivery (OR 0.25; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.15, 0.40), cesarean deliveries for clinical recurrence genital herpes (OR 0.30; 95% CI 0.13, 0.67), total HSV detection at delivery (OR 0.11; 95% CI 0.04, 0.31), and asymptomatic HSV shedding at delivery (OR 0.09; 95% CI 0.02, 0.39). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	valacyclovir (valaciclovir)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1999 - "Valacyclovir HCl was highly effective and well tolerated as continuous suppressive therapy in men and women with recurrent genital herpes. " 09/01/1998 - "Thus, valaciclovir is highly effective and well tolerated for suppression of recurrent genital herpes. " 11/01/2004 - "Valacyclovir at 500 mg twice daily was effective in preventing or delaying recurrences of genital herpes compared with placebo (hazard ratio, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.13-0.30; P<.001) and with valacyclovir at 1000 mg once daily (hazard ratio, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.40-0.80; P=.001), in 6-month and 48-week studies, respectively. " 10/01/1999 - "A double-blind, randomized, controlled, multicriteria equivalence trial was conducted to determine whether od treatment with valacyclovir 1000 mg is as effective as bd treatment with 500 mg in patients with recurrent genital herpes. " 07/01/2008 - "Valacyclovir 1 g once daily administered for 24 weeks was well-tolerated and effective in suppressing genital herpes recurrences in immunocompetent newly diagnosed persons without an established recurrence pattern." Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	famciclovir (Famvir)FDA LinkGeneric 02/10/1997 - "Oral famciclovir, 250 mg, given twice daily for 4 months is an effective, well-tolerated treatment for the suppression of genital herpes in women with frequent recurrences, but single daily doses produced less complete suppression of genital herpes." 03/01/1996 - "Famciclovir has also been proven effective in treating recurrent genital herpes, as demonstrated by a reduction in times to cessation of viral shedding, complete healing, and loss of all symptoms. " 11/01/2007 - "Famciclovir therapy did not result in a statistically significant reduction in total HSV shedding in participants without a history of genital herpes. " 10/15/2005 - "This randomized, clinic-initiated, double-blind trial compared the therapeutic efficacy and safety of treatment with famciclovir at dosages of 125 mg, 250 mg, and 500 mg twice daily for 5 days with placebo in immunocompetent adults with a recurrent episode of genital herpes. " 04/01/2001 - "Twice-daily therapy with famciclovir (FCV) was shown to be effective for episodic therapy for recurrent genital herpes in a large placebo-controlled trial. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Glycoproteins (Glycoprotein)IBA 01/01/2011 - "A live-attenuated HSV-2 ICP0 virus elicits 10 to 100 times greater protection against genital herpes than a glycoprotein D subunit vaccine." 11/21/2002 - "These studies suggest that the glycoprotein D vaccine has efficacy against genital herpes in women who are seronegative for both HSV-1 and HSV-2 at base line but not in those who are seropositive for HSV-1 and seronegative for HSV-2. " 11/01/1997 - "To determine the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of a recombinant herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein D and B vaccine in the treatment of recurrent genital herpes, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial was held at two referral centers. " 11/01/1988 - "In this study, HSV glycoproteins B and D treatment of animals experiencing recurrent genital herpes reduced the frequency of both clinical recurrences and cervicovaginal viral shedding. " 12/01/1995 - "Immunization with recombinant varicella-zoster virus expressing herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein D reduces the severity of genital herpes in guinea pigs." Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Antiviral Agents (Antivirals)IBA 06/01/2005 - "Antiviral agents aimed at treating HSV-2 chronically infected individuals have proven to be effective in the prevention of symptomatic genital herpes and the reduction of viral shedding. " 12/01/2002 - "Yet, the body of evidence available suggests that the antiviral drugs currently used in the treatment of genital herpes are effective in suppressing asymptomatic virus shedding and, thus, could play a future role in reducing transmission. " 06/01/1996 - "Current management of genital herpes focuses on treatment with antiviral agents, which are effective in reducing the course of genital herpes." 01/01/2012 - "In our patient, resolution of cutaneous lesions coincided with the administration of antiviral drugs and clinical improvement in each genital herpes recurrence. " 01/01/2008 - "Randomized controlled trials which assessed the effectiveness of antivirals compared to placebo or no therapy, on neonatal herpes and maternal disease endpoints among pregnant women with genital herpes. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	InterferonsIBA 07/01/1987 - "Aqueous solutions of alpha-2a interferon applied topically to unroofed vesicles do not appear to be clinically useful in the treatment of recurrences of genital herpes." 10/01/1987 - "Efficacy of interferon and placebo in the treatment of recurrent genital herpes: a double-blind trial." 01/01/2011 - "To assess efficacy of two-stage treatment of severe genital herpes (GH) with regular recurrences: combined use of antivirus medicines with interferon preparations and its inductors followed by antirecurrence vaccine therapy. " 04/01/1997 - "Interferon found helpful in herpes genitalis case." 01/01/1998 - "The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of parenteral administration of interferon alpha-2alpha in the treatment of recurrent herpes genitalis. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Interferon-alpha (Interferon Alfa)FDA Link 04/01/1990 - "High-dose topical interferon-alpha preparation is effective for patients with recurrent genital herpes. " 11/01/1986 - "A double-blind, placebo-controlled study was done to evaluate the efficacy of an alpha interferon preparation in 128 patients with recurrent genital herpes. " 09/01/1997 - "In conclusion the study affirmed that human leukocyte interferon-alpha (2 x 10(6) IU/g) in a hydrophilic cream is more efficacious than its incorporation in gel or placebo, thus suggesting that leukocyte interferon-alpha in a hydrophilic cream, with a profile of non-objective mild to moderate drug-induced indications, may be considered an alternative and effective treatment modality to cure male patients afflicted with first episodes of genital herpes." 03/01/1995 - "This double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the clinical efficacy and tolerance of human leukocyte interferon-alpha (2 x 10(6) IU/g) in hydrophilic cream to cure patients afflicted with first episodes of genital herpes. " 01/01/1992 - "In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, patients with recurrent genital herpes simplex using the topical alpha-interferon preparation had a more rapid cessation of viral shedding when compared to the placebo group (66% culture negative on day 1 vs. 25% of placebo patients; p less than 0.02). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 02/01/2010 - "HSV DNA was detected in plasma, but not in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of seven rather seriously ill patients with primary herpes genitalis. " 01/01/2010 - "Genital herpes evaluation by quantitative TaqMan PCR: correlating single detection and quantity of HSV-2 DNA in cervicovaginal lavage fluids with cross-sectional and longitudinal clinical data." 01/01/2006 - "[Herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (HSV-1,2) DNA detection by PCR during genital herpes]." 08/01/2005 - "Viral detection by culture and HSV DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) among women who underwent cesarean delivery for genital herpes was compared with women without HSV symptoms in labor who had genital swabs collected for HSV culture and to a subset of these women who had genital specimens available for PCR analysis, regardless of culture results. " 07/01/2004 - "The potential of immunostimulatory CpG DNA for inducing immunity against genital herpes: opportunities and challenges." Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	penciclovir (Denavir)FDA Link 09/01/2000 - "Based on these preliminary clinical findings, further evaluation of penciclovir 3% cream for topical treatment of genital herpes is planned." 10/15/2005 - "Famciclovir, the oral prodrug of penciclovir, is effective for the treatment of recurrent genital herpes. " 09/01/2000 - "To explore the potential efficacy of topical treatment of genital herpes with penciclovir cream, a randomized, double-blind, multicentre, acyclovir-controlled Phase II clinical trial of penciclovir 1% cream 5 times daily up to 7 days for suppression of genital herpes was conducted in China. " 09/01/2000 - "A total of 205 patients aged 20-59 years (mean age 36.0+/-8.8 years for acyclovir and 34.8+/-8.4 years for penciclovir) with a clinical diagnosis of genital herpes were randomly allocated to one of the 2 parallel treatment groups and used for analysis. " 09/01/2000 - "A comparison of topical application of penciclovir 1% cream with acyclovir 3% cream for treatment of genital herpes: a randomized, double-blind, multicentre trial." Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	VaccinesIBA 01/01/2009 - "Final, III stage trials are underway on other prophylactic vaccines for human papillomavirus and genital herpes. " 04/15/2003 - "During the course of investigating T cell responses to HSV among volunteers entering trials of investigational genital herpes vaccines, 6 of the 24 immunocompetent subjects with no prior history of oral/labial or genital herpes possessed HSV-specific T cell immunity but, by multiple determinants of even the most sensitive serological assays, remained seronegative to HSV-1 and -2. Of these six immune seronegative (IS; HSV-seronegative with HSV-specific T cell responses) subjects, two had transient HSV-specific T cell responses, while four had CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses directed at HSV that persisted for up to 4 years. " 08/01/2009 - "The newly introduced needle-free mucosal (i.e., topical ocular and intravaginal) lipopeptide vaccines provide a novel strategy that might target ocular and genital herpes and possibly provide 'heterologous protection' from HIV-1. " 11/25/2007 - "There is currently no clinically approved vaccine and nearly all developmental vaccines are targeted against HSV-2 and genital herpes. " 04/01/2006 - "In addition, the high HSV-1 seroprevalence will be important for future deployment of genital herpes vaccines." Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Cesarean Section (Caesarean Section) 05/01/1991 - "The results of this study support the recommendations that in women without symptoms but with known risk factors for genital herpes simplex virus, a trial of vaginal delivery be allowed and that in women with either a lesion clinically consistent with genital herpes simplex virus or prodromal symptoms of genital herpes simplex virus a cesarean section be the mode of delivery." 08/01/2008 - "The questionnaires pertained to the incidence of proven cases of neonatal herpes, the numbers of caesarean sections performed for the prevention of neonatal herpes and the numbers of pregnant women with genital herpes. " 09/16/2000 - "The number of pregnant women with genital herpes had increased, but, in agreement with a consensus statement, the gynaecologists hardly performed caesarean sections any more to prevent neonatal herpes (2 per year). " 09/16/2000 - "Gynaecologists were asked how often caesarean section was performed in order to prevent neonatal herpes and how frequently pregnant women were seen with genital herpes. " 01/01/1998 - "In order to reduce the risk of HSV transmission to the infant IHMF has suggested management of pregnant women with primary genital herpes: delivery by Caesarean section between 34th week and term. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Intravaginal Administration 05/01/2001 - "Intravenous but not vaginal administrations of bmDC pulsed in vitro with UV-inactivated HSV-2, or with purified HSV-2 envelope glycoproteins gave rise to complete protection against disease, as well as death caused by genital herpes infection. " 12/01/2003 - "Unformulated SPL7013 provided significant protection from genital herpes disease and infection at concentrations as low as 1 mg/ml and for at least 1 h following topical (intravaginal) administration of 10 mg/ml. This compound was then formulated into three vehicles and further evaluated in mouse and guinea pig models of genital herpes infection. " 08/18/2005 - "Design of a liposome delivery system for vaginal administration of acyclovir, able to provide sustained release and improved bioavailability of the encapsulated drug for the local treatment of genital herpes was investigated. " 06/01/2008 - "Our laboratory and others have shown recently that activation of TLR/MyD88 signaling through vaginal administration of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, either singly or in combination with recombinant glycoprotein from herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), confers immunity against genital herpes infection. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 01/01/2006 - "Even when partially effective, immunotherapeutic vaccination might represent a suitable alternative of chronic chemotherapy in recurrent labial and genital herpes." 04/01/1987 - "Most people with recurrent genital herpes do not require systemic drug therapy. " 01/01/1984 - "Genital herpes: pathogenesis and chemotherapy in the guinea pig model." 09/01/1995 - "Antiviral chemotherapy in genital herpes simplex virus infections." 04/01/1977 - "Chemotherapy of genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infections of female hamsters." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 01/01/2011 - "When ASP2151 was administered after the onset of symptoms, the disease course of genital herpes was suppressed more effectively than by VACV, with a significant reduction in disease score observed one day after starting ASP2151 at 30 mg/kg, whereas the therapeutic effect of VACV was only evident three days after treatment at the highest dose tested (300 mg/kg). " 11/01/2003 - "The impaired production of INFs and of other cytokines at different stages of their synthesis in patients with genital herpes before and after treatment were shown to reflect the specificity of the immune response in the mentioned pathology. " 10/01/1985 - "Risk of recurrence after treatment of first-episode genital herpes with intravenous acyclovir." Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Oral Administration 10/01/1999 - "Twice daily oral administration of valacyclovir is recommended in patients with genital herpes. " 11/01/2004 - "The dipeptide prodrugs of ACV exhibited higher systemic availability of regenerated ACV upon oral administration and thus seem to be promising drug candidates in treatment of genital herpes infections." 03/01/1986 - "Although purported to be an effective remedy for the treatment of genital herpes, we were unable to demonstrate efficacy for either the oral administration of an alcoholic solution of pyrethrins or the topical application of pyrethrins in mineral oil." Order ALL the reference details at left...

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