Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

A hypertrophic cardiomyopathy characterized by apical hypertrophy, typically LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY (described as "ace of spades" sign), and deep T-wave inversions in EKG. Clinical symptoms include minor symptoms such as CHEST PAIN; DYSPNEA; and SYNCOPE to more complex symptoms such as ATRIAL FIBRILLATION; VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION and CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE. A transient left ventricular apical hypertrophy is sometimes associated with TAKOTSUBO CARDIOMYOPATHY.

Also Known As:

Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathies; Apical Variant HCM; Apical-Variant HCMs; Cardiomyopathy, Apical Hypertrophic; HCM, Apical-Variant; Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Apical; Apical-Variant HCM; Left Ventricular Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Networked: 46 relevant articles (0 outcomes, 3 trials/studies)

Disease Context: Research Results

Cardiovascular Diseases: 91362
- Heart Diseases: 26014
  - Cardiomyopathies: 19128
    - Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: 4931
      - Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: 46
  - Cardiomegaly: 10139
    - Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: 5642
      - Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: 46

Related Diseases

1.	Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy)
2.	Hypertrophy
3.	Atrial Fibrillation
4.	Ventricular Tachycardia
5.	Aneurysm (Aneurysms)

Experts

1.	Mitamura, Katsuya: 2 articles (01/2022 - 12/2019)
2.	Nishiyama, Yoshihiro: 2 articles (01/2022 - 12/2019)
3.	Norikane, Takashi: 2 articles (01/2022 - 12/2019)
4.	Takami, Yasukage: 2 articles (01/2022 - 12/2019)
5.	Yamamoto, Yuka: 2 articles (01/2022 - 12/2019)
6.	Nishimura, Rick A: 2 articles (10/2019 - 04/2019)
7.	Ommen, Steve R: 2 articles (10/2019 - 04/2019)
8.	Schaff, Hartzell V: 2 articles (10/2019 - 04/2019)
9.	Dearani, Joseph A: 2 articles (04/2019 - 01/2011)
10.	Ihara-Nishishita, Ayumi: 1 article (01/2022)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy:

1.	Thallium-201IBA 10/01/2003 - "We investigated whether myocardial thallium-201 defects in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are associated with an unfavorable clinical outcome, and additionally compared the presence of defects to echocardiography and angiography findings. " 09/01/1996 - "The aims of this study were to clarify the mechanism of giant negative T waves (GNT) in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHCM), using myocardial SPECT with thallium-201 (201TI) and iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG). " 10/01/2003 - "Dipyridamole thallium-201 single photon emission tomography was performed in 26 apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients, aged 41-78 (22 men, 6 women). " 09/01/1996 - "[The mechanism of giant negative T wave in electrocardiogram in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: evaluation with thallium-201 and iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine myocardial scintigraphy]."
2.	Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF)IBA 01/01/1991 - "To investigate the ventricular expression of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in human hypertrophic hearts, we conducted an immunohistochemical study of 130 endomyocardial biopsy specimens obtained from the right side of the ventricular septum (RVB), left ventricular free wall (LVB), or both from a total of 80 patients: 44 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), 14 with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (APH), 13 with hypertensive hearts (HHD), and nine without hypertrophy (controls). "
3.	Iodine-123IBA 09/01/1996 - "The aims of this study were to clarify the mechanism of giant negative T waves (GNT) in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHCM), using myocardial SPECT with thallium-201 (201TI) and iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG). " 09/01/1996 - "[The mechanism of giant negative T wave in electrocardiogram in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: evaluation with thallium-201 and iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine myocardial scintigraphy]."
4.	GadoliniumIBA 02/01/2021 - "Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging revealed the rare diagnosis of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with subendocardial late gadolinium enhancement, missed by echocardiography." 02/01/2021 - "Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with subendocardial late gadolinium enhancement in an adolescent." 10/01/2012 - "Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) patterns of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) relying on PSIR (phase-sensitive inversion recovery sequence) techniques had been used to determine the characteristics of LGE in apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (ApHCM). " 04/01/2009 - "Frequency and distribution of late gadolinium enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging of patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and patients with asymmetrical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a comparative study." 08/01/2014 - "To evaluate the distribution and extent of myocardial fibrosis identified by either contrast-enhanced Look-Locker or late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (LGE MRI) and their relationships between ventricular tachyarrhythmia or risk factors in apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (APH). "
5.	Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (Fludeoxyglucose F 18)FDA Link 12/01/2019 - "Occasionally increased 18F-FDG uptake in apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy on serial follow-up PET/CT." 01/01/2022 - "2022 image 5 result : Apical ring uptake on 18F-FDG PET/CT indicating apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with apical aneurysm."
6.	Verapamil (Calan)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1994 - "Symptomatic Japanese-type apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a non-Asian patient: favorable response to treatment with verapamil." 06/01/2014 - "<Learning objective: High apical systolic flow velocity of ≥1.5 m/s in apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (ApHCM) using echocardiography may be predictive of the development of apical aneurysm, and make us consider medical intervention by beta-blockers or verapamil to delay or prevent aneurysm formation. "
7.	Contrast MediaIBA 09/01/2005 - "We describe an adult patient in whom live three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography combined with intravenous use of an echo contrast agent was useful in making a definitive diagnosis of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and in characterizing the nature and full extent of the hypertrophy." 02/01/2000 - "Echocardiographic image enhancement with an intravenous second-generation contrast agent established the diagnosis of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in 2 patients initially thought to have left ventricular apical thrombus. "
8.	Ventricular MyosinsIBA 07/01/2000 - "Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy due to a de novo mutation Arg719Trp of the beta-myosin heavy chain gene and cardiac arrest in childhood. "
9.	Brain Natriuretic Peptide (Natrecor)FDA Link 10/01/2020 - "B-type natriuretic peptide and outcome in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy."
10.	Gadolinium DTPA (Magnevist)FDA Link 02/01/1997 - "123I-BMIPP SPECT (123I-BMIPP), 201Tl SPECT (201Tl), and Gd-DTPA enhanced magnetic resonance myocardial imaging (MR) were performed in patient groups with hypertensive heart disease (HHD), apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (APH), and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy without APH(HCM). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Heart Transplantation (Grafting, Heart) 10/01/2023 - "Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy after heart transplantation." 12/30/2021 - "Heart transplantation is the traditional treatment for apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. " 01/01/2020 - "In this study, we describe early outcomes of patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy after transapical myectomy and compare survival with that of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy listed for heart transplantation. "
2.	Catheter Ablation 01/01/2018 - "Long-term outcome of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy." 01/01/2016 - "Long-Term Outcome of Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy." 01/01/2014 - "Localized reentrant atrial tachycardia without a history of catheter ablation in a patient with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy." 01/01/2011 - "Substrate characterization and catheter ablation for monomorphic ventricular tachycardia in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy."
3.	Implantable Defibrillators (Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator) 07/01/2023 - "High-Risk Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Requiring an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: A Case Report of an Overlooked Etiology." 01/01/2011 - "A 60-year-old man with a dual-chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillator and severe dyspnea on exertion due to apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy underwent a septal myectomy and radiofrequency maze procedure. " 01/01/2017 - "Progressive electrical remodeling in apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy leading to implantable cardioverter-defibrillator sensing failure during ventricular fibrillation."
4.	Defibrillators (Defibrillator) 07/01/2023 - "The patient was diagnosed with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and was treated appropriately with an automatic implantable cardiac defibrillator. " 07/13/2020 - "A 76-year-old male patient with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy at burnout stage, who received defibrillator implantation for the secondary prevention of sudden arrhythmic death, was admitted for repeated defibrillator therapy. "
5.	Percutaneous Coronary Intervention 01/01/2021 - "He was hospitalized due to acute chest pain; neurologic disorder related to a hypertensive emergency, he underwent successful percutaneous coronary intervention, echocardiography and CMR revealed Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. "