Pancreaticobiliary Maljunction

A group of anatomical variations in which the COMMON BILE DUCT and MAIN PANCREATIC DUCT are joined outside the duodenal wall often with abnormally long common channel rather than at the SPHINCTER OF ODDI.

Also Known As:

Anomalous Pancreaticobiliary Junctions; Junction, Anomalous Pancreaticobiliary; Maljunction, Pancreaticobiliary; Pancreaticobiliary Junction, Anomalous; Pancreaticobiliary Maljunctions; Anomalous Pancreaticobiliary Ductal Union; Anomalous Pancreaticobiliary Junction

Networked: 228 relevant articles (2 outcomes, 21 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Pancreatitis
2.	Carcinogenesis
3.	Inflammation (Inflammations)
4.	Cholangitis
5.	Biliary Tract Diseases

Experts

1.	Kamisawa, Terumi: 25 articles (12/2019 - 01/2002)
2.	Itoi, Takao: 15 articles (08/2017 - 03/2003)
3.	Egawa, Naoto: 11 articles (09/2010 - 01/2002)
4.	Ando, Hisami: 10 articles (08/2017 - 11/2004)
5.	Tsuchida, Akihiko: 9 articles (11/2011 - 03/2003)
6.	Tsuruta, Kouji: 9 articles (11/2009 - 01/2002)
7.	Okamoto, Atsutake: 8 articles (04/2009 - 01/2002)
8.	Wang, Jian: 7 articles (07/2022 - 10/2012)
9.	Shimada, Mitsuo: 7 articles (02/2022 - 07/2012)
10.	Honda, Goro: 7 articles (04/2017 - 11/2008)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Pancreaticobiliary Maljunction:

1.	Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA)IBA 04/01/1996 - "The number of PCNA-positive cells and the number of AgNOR per nucleus were significantly greater in the gall-bladders of patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction than in the control gall-bladders. " 05/01/1997 - "Proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in the gallbladder with pancreaticobiliary maljunction." 04/01/1992 - "Immunohistochemical staining of gallbladders from patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction by antibody to proliferating cell nuclear antigen." 08/01/2015 - "Patients with BRPD had high levels of gallbladder bile p-amylase and PCNA labeling index, findings similar to those in patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction." 05/01/1997 - "A total of 21 patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction [8 with gallbladder cancer (MCA group) and 13 without cancer (M group)] were studied using immunohistochemical staining with a monoclonal antibody to the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). "
2.	Transforming Growth Factor alpha (TGF-alpha)IBA 04/01/1996 - "The expression of TGF alpha was also significantly greater in the gallbladders of patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction than in the control gall-bladders. " 04/01/1996 - "Increased cell proliferation and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) in the gall-bladder epithelium of patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction." 04/01/1996 - "In conclusion, these results suggest that the increased TGF alpha expression induced by pancreaticobiliary maljunction promotes proliferation of the gall-bladder epithelium, which may lead to carcinogenesis."
3.	Dacarbazine (DIC)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/1997 - "[CONCLUSION]: DIC-CT was very useful in the evaluation of pancreaticobiliary maljunction, because of its functional characteristics, high resolution and three-dimensional data." 04/01/1997 - "[MATERIALS AND METHODS]: DIC-CT was performed in six patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction. " 04/01/1997 - "[Usefulness of helical DIC-CT in pancreaticobiliary maljunction]." 04/01/1997 - "[PURPOSE]: To determine the usefulness of helical CT during drip infusion cholangiography (DIC-CT in patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction. "
4.	phytobacteriomycin (PBM)IBA 02/01/2022 - "Recently, the Japanese Study Group on Pancreaticobiliary Maljunction (JSGPM) published new diagnostic criteria for PBM. " 01/01/2020 - "PBM was divided into four types [(A) stenotic type, (B) non-stenotic type, (C) dilated channel type, and (D) complex type] according to the classification proposed by the Committee on Diagnostic Criteria of the Japanese Study Group on Pancreaticobiliary Maljunction (JSGPM) in 2015. " 06/01/2018 - "Previous studies have focused on the presence of reflux in selected cohorts with pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM), but little is known regarding the wider incidence of occult reflux and associated mucosal changes. " 08/01/2017 - "In 2015, the Committee on Diagnostic Criteria of the Japanese Study Group on Pancreaticobiliary Maljunction (PBM) proposed a classification of PBM into four types: (A) stenotic type, (B) non-stenotic type, (C) dilated channel type, and (D) complex type. " 07/01/2012 - "The Japanese Study Group on Pancreaticobiliary Maljunction (JSPBM) has proposed to establish clinical practice guidelines on how to deal with PBM, with the support of the Japan Biliary Association (JBA). "
5.	Amylases FDA Link 09/01/2012 - "This study shows a relationship between biliary amylase level and clinical manifestations in pediatric patients with CC, implying that there are different underlying pathophysiologies with anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal union (APBDU)." 06/01/2018 - "Gallbladder mucosal lesions associated with high biliary amylase irrespective of pancreaticobiliary maljunction." 03/01/2014 - "Elevated amylase levels in bile and extrahepatic bile duct dilatation strongly suggest the existence of pancreaticobiliary maljunction." 10/28/2006 - "Seventeen patients had biliary amylase levels in the common bile duct above 10000 IU/L, including 11 with pancreaticobiliary maljunction and 6 without pancreaticobiliary maljunction. " 10/28/2006 - "To detect the patients with and without pancreaticobiliary maljunction who had pancreatobiliary reflux with extremely high biliary amylase levels. "
6.	Phospholipases A2 (Phospholipase A2)IBA 06/01/1996 - "Pancreaticobiliary maljunction-associated pancreatitis: an experimental study on the activation of pancreatic phospholipase A2." 12/01/2013 - "Increases in bile of lysoPC and phospholipase A2 have been reported in pancreaticobiliary maljunction and considered to be the major risk factor for biliary tract cancers. " 03/01/2014 - "Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), a derivative of phosphatidylcholine (PC) hydrolyzed by phospholipase A2 (PLA2), is reported to be increased in bile of the patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction or intrahepatic cholelithiasis, both of which are major risk factors for biliary tract cancers with undefined etiology. "
7.	Telomerase (Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase)IBA 01/01/2004 - "Telomerase activity and Bcl-2 expression in gallbladders of pancreaticobiliary maljunction patients: a preliminary study."
8.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)FDA Link 11/01/2004 - "Protein plugs in pancreaticobiliary maljunction may be formed by assembled insoluble PSP." 01/01/2009 - "p53 gene mutation and p53 protein overexpression in a patient with simultaneous double cancer of the gallbladder and bile duct associated with pancreaticobiliary maljunction." 10/01/2005 - "Although the cause is unclear, accumulation of protein plugs in an anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction, irritation of the cyst wall due to reflux of pancreatic juice, and weakness due to a developmental error such as common channel syndrome have all been suggested to play contributing roles. " 01/01/2005 - "In chronic pancreatitis associated with pancreaticobiliary maljunction, pancreatic stones or protein plugs were situated only in the dilated common channel or main pancreatic duct of the head. " 11/01/2004 - "Symptoms of pancreaticobiliary maljunction/choledochal cysts are caused by the obstruction of bile and pancreatic ducts due to protein plugs compacted in the common channel. "
9.	EnzymesIBA 02/01/2022 - "Intraoperative imaging showed a pancreaticobiliary maljunction, and the pancreatic enzyme activities of the bile in the biliary system were remarkably elevated. " 07/01/1989 - "Pancreatic enzymes in the bile of congenital choledochal cyst with anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal union were analyzed. " 07/01/1989 - "[Analysis of pancreatic enzymes in the bile of congenital choledochal cyst with anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal union]." 11/01/2004 - "Activated pancreatic enzyme and pancreatic stone protein (PSP/reg) in bile of patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction/ choledochal cysts." 06/01/1996 - "Reflux of pancreatic juice into the bile duct through pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM), an anomaly commonly associated with CDBD, and ensuing activation of pancreatic enzymes could be involved in the pathophysiologic mechanism of recurrent pancreatitis. "
10.	Cyclooxygenase 2 (Cyclooxygenase-2)IBA 03/01/2004 - "Different expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in biliary epithelia of bile duct cancer with or without pancreaticobiliary maljunction." 04/15/2009 - "No predisposition toward carcinogenesis was found, since neither pancreaticobiliary maljunction nor primary sclerosing cholangitis was present, and the overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 was negative in all resected specimens. " 03/01/2003 - "Immunohistochemical analysis of cyclooxygenase-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in pancreaticobiliary maljunction."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy 01/01/2003 - "The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological features of patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction, which was detected by intraoperative cholangiography in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. " 01/01/2003 - "The clinicopathological studies on patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction that was detected by intraoperative cholangiography under laparoscopic cholecystectomy." 01/21/2022 - "Multiseptate gallbladder coexisting with pancreaticobiliary maljunction treated by laparoscopic cholecystectomy: report of a pediatric case." 01/01/2003 - "Among 78 patients who underwent intraoperative cholangiography in laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 8 patients had the radiological findings of pancreaticobiliary maljunction. " 11/10/2004 - "Under the diagnosis of idiopathic acute pancreatitis associated with pancreaticobiliary maljunction without biliary dilatation, prophylactic laparoscopic cholecystectomy was planned. "
2.	Cholecystectomy 04/01/2023 - "As occult pancreaticobiliary reflux was reconfirmed, we suggested that the patient undergo laparoscopic extrahepatic bile duct resection and cholecystectomy, which is the standard treatment for pancreaticobiliary maljunction. " 04/01/2002 - "Long-term results after cholecystectomy alone for patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction without bile duct dilatation." 01/01/2001 - "Cholecystectomy was performed, and operative cholangiography demonstrated pancreaticobiliary maljunction. " 04/06/2021 - "A 65-year-old female patient with advanced gallbladder cancer associated with pancreaticobiliary maljunction underwent extended cholecystectomy with extrahepatic bile duct resection. " 01/01/2013 - "Hilar cholangiocarcinoma accompanied by pancreaticobiliary maljunction without bile duct dilatation 20 years after cholecystectomy: report of a case."
3.	Therapeutics 07/04/2017 - "Endoscopic therapy for patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction: a follow-up study." 11/01/2016 - "Pancreaticobiliary maljunction and choledochal cysts: from embryogenesis to therapeutics aspects." 12/01/1995 - "Pancreaticobiliary maljunction without choledochal cysts in infants and children: clinical features and surgical therapy."
4.	Endoscopic Sphincterotomy 05/01/2000 - "Endoscopic sphincterotomy in the management of anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction." 03/01/2008 - "Endoscopic sphincterotomy is a useful preoperative management for refractory pancreatitis associated with pancreaticobiliary maljunction."
5.	Pancreaticoduodenectomy 08/21/2013 - "The patient was a 30-year-old female who had undergone excision of the extrahepatic bile duct and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy for congenital biliary dilatation at the age of 7. Thereafter, she suffered from recurrent acute pancreatitis due to pancreaticobiliary maljunction and received subtotal stomach-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy. " 11/01/2014 - "Computed tomography (CT), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) revealed double cancer of the gall bladder and bile duct with pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM), and we performed a pancreatoduodenectomy. "