Avulsion Fractures

Tearing away of the CORTICAL BONE fragment at the location of a strong ligament or tendon attachment. The bone fragment detachment site often occurs near a soft site (e.g., GROWTH PLATE) at the base where LIGAMENTS; TENDONS; or JOINT CAPSULES attach. In younger patients it is most often caused by a sudden forceful pull on a tendon in the opposite direction of the bone movement. In the elderly it is associated with osteoporotic INSUFFICIENCY FRACTURES.

Also Known As:

Networked: 351 relevant articles (25 outcomes, 33 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Pain (Aches)
2.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma)
3.	Rupture
4.	Avulsion Fractures
5.	Comminuted Fractures

Experts

1.	Liu, Yang: 6 articles (03/2022 - 02/2011)
2.	Zhang, Lei: 4 articles (01/2022 - 01/2010)
3.	Imhoff, Andreas B: 4 articles (06/2021 - 02/2017)
4.	Cai, Xu: 3 articles (06/2021 - 02/2011)
5.	Zhao, Jinzhong: 3 articles (06/2021 - 02/2006)
6.	Acharya, Kiran: 3 articles (01/2021 - 01/2017)
7.	Pandey, Vivek: 3 articles (01/2021 - 01/2017)
8.	Akagi, Ryuichiro: 3 articles (12/2020 - 09/2019)
9.	Yamaguchi, Satoshi: 3 articles (12/2020 - 09/2019)
10.	Chan, Yi-Sheng: 3 articles (10/2015 - 11/2008)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Avulsion Fractures:

1.	IceIBA 01/01/2011 - "Arthroscopic surgery for ICE avulsion fractures shows good results, is associated with low post-operative risks, is minimally invasive and easy to reproduce. " 01/01/2011 - "Thirty-five patients with ICE avulsion fracture, 17 girls and 18 boys at an average age of 13 years (7-18), were included in this study. " 01/01/2011 - "Avulsion fractures of the intercondylar eminence (ICE) of the tibia have become increasingly frequent in older school age. "
2.	mesoglycanIBA 08/01/2017 - "We searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases from the period of inception to January 15, 2017 for similar case series/reports involving management of chronic/neglected ACL avulsion fractures and systematically reviewed these studies following standard PRISMA guidelines. "
3.	Stainless Steel (Steel, Stainless)IBA 12/01/2017 - "Arthroscopic Reduction and Fixation of Tibial Spine Avulsion Fractures by a Stainless Steel Wiring Technique." 01/01/2016 - "The traditional stainless steel wire tension band (WTB) has been popularized for small avulsion fractures at the medial malleolus. " 08/01/2020 - "Double cerclage stainless steel sutures can be used safely to treat patients with achilles sleeve avulsion fracture with a satisfactory clinical outcome."
4.	Polystyrenes (Polystyrene)IBA 03/01/2000 - "Our data showed statistically significant fixation strength improvement over tension banding for avulsion fractures (p < 0.02) in both polystyrene foam models and fresh, nonpreserved frozen cadaveric samples. "
5.	polyetheretherketoneIBA 09/25/2022 - "Kirschner wire combined with PEEK anchor with thread to fix fibula bone block in WagstaffeⅡfracture strengthen repair of inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis ligament and anterior talofibular ligament, and effectively relieved ankle joint pain, obtain good function recovery, the avulsion fracture block was fixed securely, and receive good clinical effect."
6.	Therapeutic UsesIBA 09/26/2022 - "Therapeutic effect of two methods on avulsion fracture of tibial insertion of anterior cruciate ligament." 05/10/2019 - "Hook plate fixation has the therapeutic effect on treating avulsion fractures around joints of extremities with the advantages of reliable fixation, early rehabilitation after operation, high recovery rates of joint function, wide indications, and convenient uses." 09/01/2013 - "To explore therapeutic effects of cannulated screw fixation through posteromedial approach for the treatment of tibial avulsion fracture of the tibial attachment of the posterior cruciate ligament. " 01/01/2022 - "PURPOSE OF THE STUDY To evaluate the therapeutic effects of small incision open reduction and internal fixation and arthroscopic high strength non-absorbable suture on tibial insertion avulsion fracture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). " 01/01/2018 - "This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and complications of minimally invasive surgery in treating displaced avulsion fractures (2-3 mm) of fifth metatarsal base zone I in young adults or athletes. "
7.	MetalsIBA 01/01/2021 - "Suspensory metal button fixation of tibial posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fractures, although commonly used for other applications, has until recently been limited to isolated reports of a few patients." 03/01/2008 - "The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical stability of tibial eminence avulsion fractures using suture, resorbable screw, resorbable nail, and metal screw techniques. " 05/01/2012 - "Levi described a tension band fixation system used to treat a calcaneal avulsion fracture using a simple technique performed with a transverse Kirschner wire through the os calcaneus, securing a figure-of-8 metal tension band wiring to the fragment. " 08/01/1994 - "Arthroscopic reduction and suture fixation of avulsion fractures of the tibial eminence restores the length of the ACL, provides stable fixation promoting early motion with minimal morbidity, and does not require a second operation for metal removal."
8.	ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)IBA 09/01/2022 - "A wide variety of fixation methods have been reported to fix anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tibial avulsion fractures, but there have been no studies into the fixation of these fractures with ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) suture tape as an alternative to conventional thread. " 09/01/2022 - "Biomechanical Comparisons of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Avulsion Fracture Fixation Using High-Strength Suture and Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Suture Tape in a Porcine Model."
9.	tetra-4-amidinophenoxypropane (TAPP)IBA 03/01/2021 - " The aim of this study was to report the clinical experience with fluoroscopically guided tibial apophyseal percutaneous pinning (TAPP) for tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures (TTAF). "
10.	ClayIBA 09/09/2022 - "Typically, a clay shoveler's fracture is a stress-type avulsion fracture involving the spinous processes of the lower cervical or upper thoracic vertebrae. " 09/01/2016 - "A clay-shoveler's fracture is a very rarely occurring stress-type avulsion fracture of the lower cervical or upper thoracic spinous processes owing its name to the clay shovelers of past times. " 09/01/2014 - "The clay-shoveler's fracture is an isolated avulsion fracture of the lower cervical or upper thoracic spinous process. " 12/15/2012 - "The clay-shoveler's fracture in adults is an avulsion fracture of the lower cervical or upper thoracic spinous process. " 07/01/2005 - "Avulsion fracture of the hamulus from clay gunshot sport: a case report."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Sutures (Suture) 08/29/2023 - "Here, we describe a case of an isolated tibial tuberosity avulsion fracture in an adult that was treated successfully with the suture bridge repair technique. " 09/26/2022 - "Both small incision open reduction and internal fixation and arthroscopic high-strength non-absorbable sutures can achieve good results in the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament tibial avulsion fractures. " 05/01/2022 - "Improved arthroscopic high-strength suture fixation for the treatment of posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture." 08/01/2011 - "Both the screw and nonabsorbable suture fixation techniques for anterior cruciate ligament tibial eminence avulsion fracture (type II or III) have good results in terms of functional outcome and stability. " 12/01/2009 - "Both the screw and suture fixation techniques for the anterior cruciate ligament tibial avulsion fracture produced relatively good results in terms of functional outcomes and stability without any significant differences. "
2.	Conservative Treatment 09/01/2020 - "We assumed that conservative treatment of volar plate avulsion fractures of the PIP joint would be unsuccessful if the fracture fragment, even if small, was much displaced or rotated and that delayed excision of the avulsion fractures would result in good outcomes. " 01/01/2009 - "Conservative treatment of simultaneous ipsilateral avulsion fractures of the anterior superior and anterior inferior iliac spines can lead to a good outcome." 09/01/2007 - "Conservative treatment for minor dislocated AIIS avulsion fractures can be effective in sportsmen. " 01/01/2017 - "The goal of this study was to find out whether the outcomes of conservative treatment in PIP volar plate injury was impacted by the presence of an avulsion fracture. " 02/01/2015 - "The study included 5 patients (4 male, 1 female, mean age 13.6 years) who underwent conservative treatment for AIIS avulsion fractures and had an adequate follow-up. "
3.	Suture Anchors 02/01/2011 - "Arthroscopic treatment using absorbable double suture anchors for tibial eminence avulsion fracture can provide satisfactory reduction, stable fixation, and good healing of the avulsed fragment, which is a minimally-invasive, simple, and effective treatment for patients with tibial eminence avulsion fracture." 11/01/2007 - "Suture anchor augmentation significantly improved the strength of screw fixation of the calcaneal posterior tuberosity avulsion fractures. " 08/23/2023 - "Fracture fragment thickness helps in making the decision of either using headless screw or suture anchor fixation in treating calcaneal tuberosity avulsion fracture, based on the regression models of our study." 03/01/2013 - "The purpose of this study was to report preliminary results of a novel surgical approach to isolated PCL avulsion fractures by a minimally invasive postero-medial approach with suture anchors. " 04/01/2002 - "The authors of the present study present a case of avulsion fracture treated with the attachment of bone suture anchors."
4.	Bone Wires 06/08/2016 - "Between May 2013 and May 2015, 31 cases of bony mallet finger were treated with traditional Ishiguro technique in 16 cases (control group) and with modified Ishiguro technique in 15 cases (improved group, the two Kirschner wires were bound, which were used to fix the distal interphalangeal joint and blocking avulsion fracture block in the classical Ishiguro technique, and play a continuous elastic compression). " 11/15/2023 - "To summarize the effectiveness of Kirschner wire buckling combined with bone fixation in the treatment of metacarpal avulsion fracture. " 11/15/2023 - "[Effectiveness on treatment of metacarpal avulsion fracture with Kirschner wire buckling combined with bone fixation]." 11/01/2013 - "A femoral avulsion fracture of the ACL of a 14-year-old girl was arthroscopically reduced and fixed by a Kirschner wire (K-wire) via an inside-out technique. " 06/01/2011 - "For the calcaneal avulsion fracture, the current method is more commonly used screws or Kirschner wire to fix fracture fragment. "
5.	Early Ambulation 01/01/2018 - "In young adults or athletes with displaced avulsion fractures of fifth metatarsal base zone I, closed reduction and percutaneous screw fixation provides anatomical stable fixation and early mobilization." 02/01/2012 - "ORIF for PCL avulsion fractures of tibia results in stable fixation, early mobilization and good functional outcomes. " 12/01/2014 - "When small avulsion fractures are present, good results are routinely obtained with reduction and early mobilization of stable injuries. "