Acute Febrile Encephalopathy

Acute onset of fever accompanied by seizures, cerebral inflammation and a change in mental status (e.g., confusion, disorientation, and coma).

Also Known As:

Acute Encephalitis Syndrome; Encephalopathy, Febrile; Acute Encephalitis Syndromes; Acute Febrile Encephalopathies; Encephalopathies, Acute Febrile; Encephalopathies, Febrile; Encephalopathy, Acute Febrile; Febrile Encephalopathies; Febrile Encephalopathies, Acute; Febrile Encephalopathy

Networked: 45 relevant articles (3 outcomes, 6 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Nervous System Diseases: 14178
- Central Nervous System Diseases: 4213
  - Brain Diseases: 15694
    - Acute Febrile Encephalopathy: 45

Related Diseases

1.	Myocarditis (Carditis)
2.	Irritable Bowel Syndrome (Syndrome, Irritable Bowel)
3.	Myocardial Ischemia (Ischemic Heart Diseases)
4.	Pain (Aches)
5.	Headache (Headaches)

Experts

1.	Kumar, Rashmi: 3 articles (02/2016 - 07/2006)
2.	Tripathi, Piyush: 3 articles (02/2016 - 07/2006)
3.	Bhattacharya, Nemai: 2 articles (01/2022 - 01/2017)
4.	Desai, Anita: 2 articles (01/2022 - 11/2010)
5.	Jain, Amita: 2 articles (01/2022 - 02/2016)
6.	Saikia, Lahari: 2 articles (01/2022 - 07/2014)
7.	Kumar, Swatantra: 2 articles (08/2020 - 01/2019)
8.	Maurya, Vimal K: 2 articles (08/2020 - 01/2019)
9.	Saxena, Shailendra K: 2 articles (08/2020 - 01/2019)
10.	Murhekar, Manoj: 2 articles (01/2020 - 08/2014)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Acute Febrile Encephalopathy:

1.	VaccinesIBA 01/01/2020 - "The favorable results and well-correlated data of varied in silico techniques paved for a potent multiepitope vaccine and helped us to propose the mechanism of action of designed vaccine and generation of the immune response against acute encephalitis syndrome." 01/01/2020 - "The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the major cause of an acute encephalitis syndrome in many Asian countries, despite the fact that an effective vaccine has been developed. " 06/01/2023 - "We estimated the incidence of Japanese encephalitis (JE) and acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) following routine immunization with the live-attenuated SA 14-14-2 JE vaccine. "
2.	Intravenous Immunoglobulins (IVIG)FDA Link 12/01/2012 - "Use of intravenous immunoglobulin compared with standard therapy is associated with improved clinical outcomes in children with acute encephalitis syndrome complicated by myocarditis." 02/01/2017 - "IVIG improves recovery in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (grade C), reduces mortality in acute encephalitis syndrome with myocarditis (grade C), and improves function and stabilizes disease in myasthenia gravis (grade C). "
3.	Immunoglobulin M (IgM)IBA 01/01/2022 - "The elusive nature of the Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) outbreak in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh that claimed numerous pediatric lives was the driving force of this study which involved serological diagnosis (IgM-ELISA), isolation of OT in cell culture, confirmation by PCR, and characterization by Sanger sequencing. " 03/01/2019 - "In 2 studies of 41 patients with acute encephalitis syndrome, 11 (27%) were positive for JEV IgM in CSF and/or serum, and 2 (4.9%) were JEV RT-qPCR positive from throat swabs. " 04/01/2013 - "In the present study JE virus-specific IgM in serum and CSF from acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) patients, attending Assam Medical College and Hospital (AMC and H), Dibrugarh, Assam from 2007 to 2009 were detected and different epidemiological parameters namely age, season and vaccination campaign were enumerated. " 03/01/2018 - "Patients of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) fulfilling predecided inclusion and exclusion criteria underwent a detailed standardized workup incorporating JE IgM testing in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or serum. " 07/01/2014 - "Clinically suspected acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) cases admitted in Assam Medical College and Hospital during the period of May 2011 to April 2012 were tested by JE virus specific Immunoglobulin M capture ELISA. "
4.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)FDA Link 01/01/2023 - "This study aimed to evaluate clinical data, neuroradiological studies, genomic sequencing, and protein immunoblotting results in 8 children from 4 families who experienced acute febrile encephalopathy. "
5.	Phosphopyruvate Hydratase (Enolase)IBA 09/01/2017 - "This study aimed to investigate whether serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was expressed in acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) that causes neuronal damage in children. " 09/01/2017 - "Serum neuron specific enolase is increased in pediatric acute encephalitis syndrome."
6.	ImmunosorbentsIBA 09/01/2013 - "Cases were determined using an in-house dengue and Japanese encephalitis (JE) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in order to detect the proportion of JE cases among the acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) cases admitted to our hospital. " 04/01/2019 - "A total of 1770 cases of acute encephalitis syndrome tested for JE including 251 confirmed JE were diagnosed by IgM antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. " 11/01/2010 - "We evaluated performance of three commercial Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) IgM antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC ELISA) kits with a panel of serological specimens collected during a surveillance project of acute encephalitis syndrome in India and acute meningitis and encephalitis syndrome in Bangladesh. " 02/15/2009 - "Children (age, 6 months to 15 years) who had been hospitalized with acute febrile encephalopathy (a < or =2-week history of fever plus altered sensorium) were tested for the presence of immunoglobulin M antibodies to Japanese encephalitis virus with commercial immunoglobulin M capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. "
7.	EnzymesIBA 09/01/2013 - "Cases were determined using an in-house dengue and Japanese encephalitis (JE) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in order to detect the proportion of JE cases among the acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) cases admitted to our hospital. " 04/01/2019 - "A total of 1770 cases of acute encephalitis syndrome tested for JE including 251 confirmed JE were diagnosed by IgM antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. " 11/01/2010 - "We evaluated performance of three commercial Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) IgM antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC ELISA) kits with a panel of serological specimens collected during a surveillance project of acute encephalitis syndrome in India and acute meningitis and encephalitis syndrome in Bangladesh. " 02/15/2009 - "Children (age, 6 months to 15 years) who had been hospitalized with acute febrile encephalopathy (a < or =2-week history of fever plus altered sensorium) were tested for the presence of immunoglobulin M antibodies to Japanese encephalitis virus with commercial immunoglobulin M capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. "
8.	AntibodiesIBA 01/01/2016 - "CSF and/or serum samples collected from acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) cases were referred to the virology laboratory at King George's Medical University, Lucknow and were tested for anti-JEV IgM antibodies by JEV MAC-ELISA kit. " 12/15/2020 - "We used data from a serological investigation of acute encephalitis syndrome patients (n=407) during the 2016 outbreak in Gorakhpur, India to determine the cutoff for OD values for IgM antibodies, and from community-based serosurveys (n=1991) to estimate the cutoff for OD values for IgG antibodies. " 02/15/2009 - "Children (age, 6 months to 15 years) who had been hospitalized with acute febrile encephalopathy (a < or =2-week history of fever plus altered sensorium) were tested for the presence of immunoglobulin M antibodies to Japanese encephalitis virus with commercial immunoglobulin M capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. "
9.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 01/01/2019 - "Detection of human parvovirus 4 DNA in the patients with acute encephalitis syndrome during seasonal outbreaks of the disease in Gorakhpur, India." 08/01/1998 - "CSF PCR for HSV DNA should be performed in patients with febrile encephalopathy even in the absence of focal features, initial CSF pleocytosis, or abnormal CT. "
10.	Acyclovir (Aciclovir)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2013 - "Because of the increasing number of atypical forms of HSE and the great impact of an early diagnosis and treatment on a favourable outcome, the acyclovir therapy should be administrated for any type of febrile encephalopathy of unknown aetiology, until HSE can be excluded." 07/01/2023 - "To identify the prevalence of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), factors influencing the duration of empirical acyclovir and frequency of acute kidney injury (AKI) in children with acute encephalitis syndrome (AES). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 01/01/2019 - "Pathogen-associated acute encephalitis syndrome: therapeutics and management." 08/01/2013 - "Because of the increasing number of atypical forms of HSE and the great impact of an early diagnosis and treatment on a favourable outcome, the acyclovir therapy should be administrated for any type of febrile encephalopathy of unknown aetiology, until HSE can be excluded." 12/01/2012 - "Use of intravenous immunoglobulin compared with standard therapy is associated with improved clinical outcomes in children with acute encephalitis syndrome complicated by myocarditis."
2.	Stents 12/02/2020 - "Our analyses suggest that belladonna treatment appears to be safe and effective in various disease conditions, including acute encephalitis syndrome, urethral stent pain, myocardial ischemia injury, airway obstructions during sleep in infants, climacteric complaints, irritable bowel syndrome, and throbbing headache. "