Diffuse Brain Injuries (Diffuse Brain Injury)

Brain injuries occurring over a wide area instead of specific focal area.

Also Known As:

Diffuse Brain Injury; Brain Injuries, Diffuse; Diffuse Axonal Brain Injury; Diffuse Cerebral Injuries; Brain Injury, Diffuse; Cerebral Injuries, Diffuse; Cerebral Injury, Diffuse; Diffuse Cerebral Injury

Networked: 147 relevant articles (5 outcomes, 35 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Inflammation (Inflammations)
2.	Hypoxia (Hypoxemia)
3.	Acute Subdural Hematoma
4.	Brain Edema (Cerebral Edema)
5.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma)

Experts

1.	Lifshitz, Jonathan: 11 articles (01/2020 - 04/2006)
2.	Fei, Zhou: 6 articles (11/2007 - 10/2003)
3.	Fijalkowski, Ronald J: 5 articles (11/2009 - 01/2006)
4.	Zhang, Xiang: 5 articles (11/2007 - 10/2003)
5.	Gerhardt, Greg A: 4 articles (04/2012 - 05/2010)
6.	Hinzman, Jason M: 4 articles (04/2012 - 05/2010)
7.	Thomas, Theresa Currier: 4 articles (04/2012 - 05/2010)
8.	Pintar, Frank A: 4 articles (11/2009 - 01/2006)
9.	Yoganandan, Narayan: 4 articles (11/2009 - 01/2006)
10.	Stemper, Brian D: 4 articles (05/2009 - 01/2006)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Diffuse Brain Injuries:

1.	MagnesiumIBA 09/01/2001 - "Magnesium has been shown in other studies to improve outcome after diffuse brain injury. " 03/01/1999 - "Improved motor outcome in response to magnesium therapy received up to 24 hours after traumatic diffuse axonal brain injury in rats." 03/01/1999 - "Optimization of magnesium therapy after severe diffuse axonal brain injury in rats." 11/01/2009 - "The present data demonstrate that treatment with magnesium, MK-801 and combination of magnesium and MK-801 can reduce formation of brain edema and can help restore BBB permeability after experimental diffuse brain injury." 11/01/2009 - "Effect of magnesium, MK-801 and combination of magnesium and MK-801 on blood-brain barrier permeability and brain edema after experimental traumatic diffuse brain injury."
2.	Methylene Blue (Methylthioninium Chloride)FDA Link 01/15/2015 - "Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of methylene blue (MB), an antioxidant agent, in reducing inflammation and behavioral complications associated with a diffuse brain injury. "
3.	AntioxidantsIBA 01/15/2015 - "Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of methylene blue (MB), an antioxidant agent, in reducing inflammation and behavioral complications associated with a diffuse brain injury. "
4.	EdaravoneIBA 01/01/2011 - "Protective effects of edaravone on diffuse brain injury in rats." 01/01/2011 - "This study aimed to investigate the effect of edaravone on the p38Mitogen-activated protein kinases/Caspase-3 (p38MAPK /Caspase-3) pathway after diffuse brain injury (DBI) in rats. "
5.	Biomarkers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 09/21/2023 - "Objective assessments of visual and ocular motor concussion symptoms, specialized imaging techniques, and tissue-based concentrations of specific biomarkers have all shown promise for specifically characterizing diffuse brain injuries, and will be important to the future of concussion diagnosis and management. " 05/17/2016 - "Secondary endpoints are the total number of new ischaemic cerebral lesions, postoperative cognitive dysfunction at discharge and 3 months postoperatively, diffuse cerebral injury evaluated by magnetic resonance spectroscopy and selected biochemical markers of cerebral injury. " 03/01/2009 - "Biochemical, structural, and biomarker evidence for calpain-mediated cytoskeletal change after diffuse brain injury uncomplicated by contusion."
6.	Mannitol (Osmitrol)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2015 - "Furthermore, the effect of the HS on the ICP appeared to be more effective in the patients with diffuse brain injuries than mannitol did. "
7.	5-methoxy-methylindoleacetic acid (DBI)IBA 01/01/2014 - "The aim of this study was to objectively evaluate the brain activity potential of patients with impaired consciousness in a chronic stage of diffuse brain injury (DBI) using functional MRI (fMRI) following music stimulation (MS). " 01/01/2013 - "Diffuse brain injury (DBI) is a leading cause of mortality and disability among young individuals and adults worldwide. " 07/01/2011 - "The patients with TBI were further subdivided into 2 groups, that is, mild and more severe TBI groups, based on clinical (mild or moderate TBI), CT (diffuse brain injury [DBI] I or II), or MR imaging (normal or pathological appearance) classification. " 05/01/2011 - "Diffuse brain injury (DBI) has been shown to increase the proliferation of granule cell precursors in the adult dentate gyrus (DG). " 05/01/2009 - "Diffuse brain injury (DBI) commonly results from blunt impact followed by sudden head rotation, wherein severity is a function of rotational kinematics. "
8.	Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors (Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor)IBA 12/01/2006 - "Metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonists and agonists: potential neuroprotectors in diffuse brain injury." 06/03/2005 - "Altered expression patterns of metabotropic glutamate receptors in diffuse brain injury." 10/01/2003 - "[Changes and effects of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors in the cerebral cortex of rats after diffuse brain injuries coupled with hypopiesia secondary brain insults]." 11/17/2007 - "Our previous studies indicated that metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are deeply involved in the secondary processes after diffuse brain injury (DBI). " 12/01/2006 - "Our previous study has suggested that metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) were significantly involved in the secondary processes after diffuse brain injury (DBI) and that mGluRs antagonists or agonists may be used for the treatment of DBI. "
9.	Therapeutic UsesIBA 07/01/2006 - "Morphofunctional study of the therapeutic effect of autologous mesenchymal stem cells in experimental diffuse brain injury in rats." 10/01/2008 - "Our data indicate that agmatine has a beneficial effect in diffuse brain injury and should be trialled for therapeutic use in the management of this condition." 03/01/2014 - "This study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of action of apolipoprotein E mimetic peptide on diffuse brain injury. "
10.	Caspase 3 (Caspase-3)IBA 01/01/2013 - "The present study examined kinetics of apoptosis and expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 in the CA3 hippocampus cells after diffuse brain injury (DBI) induced experimentally in rats. " 01/01/2011 - "This study aimed to investigate the effect of edaravone on the p38Mitogen-activated protein kinases/Caspase-3 (p38MAPK /Caspase-3) pathway after diffuse brain injury (DBI) in rats. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 12/01/1999 - "These data confirm that the tests considered, and the Injury Model used, provide a useful system for the consideration of potential therapies which might ameliorate neuropsychological deficits in diffuse brain injury." 01/01/2020 - "More cardiac arrhythmias were observed with increased grading of diffuse brain injury (p = 0.042) or in patients treated with hyperosmolar therapy (TILmax) (65%, p = 0.022). " 10/01/2007 - "[Pathophysiology of cognitive impairment after diffuse brain injury: the prospects for cell transplantation therapy]." 03/01/1999 - "Improved motor outcome in response to magnesium therapy received up to 24 hours after traumatic diffuse axonal brain injury in rats." 06/01/2018 - "AA total of 80 patients with diffuse brain injury were randomly divided into four groups: Group A, conventional treatment; Group B, conventional treatment + nimodipine; Group C, conventional treatment + HBO therapy and Group D, conventional treatment + nimodipine + HBO therapy. "
2.	Microelectrodes 01/20/2012 - "Using novel glutamate-selective microelectrode arrays coupled to amperometry, we test the hypothesis that disrupted glutamatergic neurotransmission underlies the whisker sensory sensitivity associated with diffuse brain injury. " 05/01/2010 - "Diffuse brain injury elevates tonic glutamate levels and potassium-evoked glutamate release in discrete brain regions at two days post-injury: an enzyme-based microelectrode array study."
3.	Stem Cell Transplantation 11/30/2005 - "This is the first study showing a therapeutic benefit of neural stem cells in a highly diffuse brain injury, further highlighting the possibilities of stem cell transplantation for all types of neurodegenerative disease."
4.	Seat Belts (Seat Belt) 06/01/2004 - "Recent studies recommend that aggressive screening based on broad criteria (hyperextension-hyperflexion mechanism of injury, basilar skull fracture, cervical spine injury, midface fracture, mandibular fracture, diffuse axonal brain injury, and neck seat-belt sign) increases the rate of diagnosis of BCI by 9-fold. "
5.	Lasers (Laser) 01/01/2017 - "Recent studies have reported the formation of bipolar/rod-shaped microglia trains in in vivo models of CNS injury, including diffuse brain injury, focal transient ischemia, optic nerve transection and laser-induced ocular hypertension (OHT). "