Nonobstructive Azoospermia

Azoospermia that is caused by hereditary defects which disrupt sperm development before or during meiosis. Mutations and polymorphisms in the USP9Y (OMIM: 415000), SLC26A8 (OMIM: 606766), DAZL (OMIM: 601486), and SYCP3 (OMIM: 270960) have been identified.

Also Known As:

Networked: 165 relevant articles (5 outcomes, 24 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Azoospermia
2.	Oligospermia (Oligozoospermia)
3.	Male Infertility (Male Sterility)
4.	Sertoli Cell-Only Syndrome
5.	Genetic Predisposition to Disease (Genetic Predisposition)

Experts

1.	Schlegel, Peter N: 9 articles (01/2022 - 11/2002)
2.	Fujisawa, Masato: 5 articles (11/2015 - 06/2008)
3.	Chiba, Koji: 4 articles (11/2015 - 10/2009)
4.	Ramasamy, Ranjith: 4 articles (10/2014 - 03/2011)
5.	Yamaguchi, Kohei: 4 articles (11/2012 - 06/2008)
6.	Li, Honggang: 3 articles (08/2021 - 10/2016)
7.	Miyake, Hideaki: 3 articles (11/2015 - 07/2012)
8.	Jarvi, Keith: 3 articles (11/2013 - 08/2009)
9.	Lo, Kirk C: 3 articles (08/2009 - 01/2005)
10.	Jørgensen, Niels: 2 articles (10/2022 - 01/2021)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Nonobstructive Azoospermia:

1.	inhibin BIBA 01/01/2006 - "Inhibin B has a high specificity when combined with serum FSH and their measurements can be helpful in all patients with nonobstructive azoospermia before decision making for sperm retrieval." 10/01/2005 - "The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of serum inhibin B in men with nonobstructive azoospermia in comparison with FSH. " 08/01/2000 - "The purpose of the present study was to investigate the usefulness of serum inhibin B measurement to predict the success of testicular sperm extraction (TESE) in 17 men with nonobstructive azoospermia to be treated by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) (group 1). " 08/01/2021 - "The cutoff level of Inhibin B to diagnose nonobstructive azoospermia is 45.9 pg/ml with a positive and negative prediction accuracy of 97.70% and 85.71%, respectively. " 11/01/2010 - "There is no value in seminal plasma levels of AMH and inhibin B as criteria for sperm extraction in men with nonobstructive azoospermia."
2.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)IBA 10/01/2017 - "Does detection of DDX4 mRNA in cell-free seminal plasma represents a reliable noninvasive germ cell marker in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia?" 07/01/2012 - "Expression of VASA mRNA in testis as a significant predictor of sperm recovery by microdissection testicular sperm extraction in patient with nonobstructive azoospermia." 02/01/2012 - "Re: heat shock factor Y chromosome (HSFY) mRNA level predicts the presence of retrievable testicular sperm in men with nonobstructive azoospermia." 08/01/2011 - "Heat shock factor Y chromosome (HSFY) mRNA level predicts the presence of retrievable testicular sperm in men with nonobstructive azoospermia." 08/01/2005 - "To investigate the relationship between the expression of protamine-2 (P-2) mRNA and the results of sperm extraction in the corresponding testis tissues of patients with nonobstructive azoospermia. "
3.	LipidsIBA 01/01/2022 - "Apparent diffusion coefficient, fractional anisotropy, magnetization transfer ratio, and normalized concentrations of total choline, glucose, myo-inositol, and lipids are helpful in discriminating nonobstructive azoospermia etiology. "
4.	Inositol (Myoinositol)IBA 01/01/2022 - "Apparent diffusion coefficient, fractional anisotropy, magnetization transfer ratio, and normalized concentrations of total choline, glucose, myo-inositol, and lipids are helpful in discriminating nonobstructive azoospermia etiology. "
5.	Glucose (Dextrose)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2022 - "Apparent diffusion coefficient, fractional anisotropy, magnetization transfer ratio, and normalized concentrations of total choline, glucose, myo-inositol, and lipids are helpful in discriminating nonobstructive azoospermia etiology. "
6.	Choline (Choline Chloride)IBA 01/01/2022 - "Apparent diffusion coefficient, fractional anisotropy, magnetization transfer ratio, and normalized concentrations of total choline, glucose, myo-inositol, and lipids are helpful in discriminating nonobstructive azoospermia etiology. "
7.	Biomarkers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 04/20/2023 - "Seminal plasma biomarkers for predicting successful sperm retrieval in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia: a narrative review of human studies." 01/01/2023 - "The aim of this study is to compare a wide range of predictive models under similar conditions for TESE outcomes in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) to identify the correct mathematical approach to apply, most appropriate study size, and relevance of the input biomarkers. " 03/01/2020 - "In this study, specimens from testicular biopsies of men with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) were used to investigate whether RNF8 gene could serve as a biomarker to predict the presence of sperm in these patients. " 07/26/2023 - "Seminal Plasma ExLncRNA Pairs: Updating Perspectives in the Search for Testicular Spermatozoa Retrieval Biomarkers in Nonobstructive Azoospermia Patients with mTESE by WGCNA." 01/01/2021 - "Reply: Extracellular vesicle ncRNAs in seminal plasma as biomarkers for nonobstructive azoospermia."
8.	Hormones (Hormone)IBA 01/01/2003 - "The objective of the present study was to assess the predictive value of hormone values, histological analysis for the finding of motile spermatozoa on testicular biopsy in nonobstructive azoospermia. " 12/01/2021 - "Anti-Müllerian hormone level as a predictor of sperm retrieval with microdissection testicular sperm extraction in nonobstructive azoospermia." 08/01/2021 - "Clinical findings, hormone values and semen analyses in patients with nonmosaic KS (Group 1, n = 121) and those with non-genetic nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) (Group 2, n = 178) were retrospectively analysed. " 12/01/2020 - "The Role of Hormone Stimulation in Men With Nonobstructive Azoospermia Undergoing Surgical Sperm Retrieval." 05/01/2018 - "Do body mass index, hormone profile and testicular volume effect sperm retrieval rates of microsurgical sperm extraction in the patients with nonobstructive azoospermia?"
9.	Follicle Stimulating Hormone (Follitropin)FDA Link 04/01/2020 - "Objective To determine the optimal cut-off value for follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) to predict the outcome of microsurgical testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). " 12/01/2015 - "NONOBSTRUCTIVE AZOOSPERMIA, FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE AS A MARKER OF SUCCESSFUL SPERM RETRIEVAL." 03/01/2015 - "Follicle-stimulating hormone as a predictor for sperm retrieval rate in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia: a systematic review and meta-analysis." 03/01/2011 - "These observations are interesting since testicular volume and follicle-stimulating hormone in men with nonobstructive azoospermia do not predict sperm retrieval at a primary microdissection testicular sperm extraction attempt." 10/01/2007 - "In a case-controlled retrospective study, we recruited 16 infertile males with consistent, nonobstructive azoospermia and with normal serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. "
10.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)FDA Link 08/01/2023 - "Using a proteomic approach, we identified and analyzed the total protein content of testicular interstitial fluid in humans with defective spermatogenesis for the first time and discovered altered protein expression patterns in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). " 01/01/2023 - "Significantly, whole-exome sequencing of 777 patients with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) revealed 54 single-nucleotide polymorphism mutations of the OIP5 gene (6.95%), while the level of OIP5 protein was obviously lower in testes of NOA patients compared to fertile men. " 06/01/2014 - "To evaluate the association between genetic variants in Ser-Arg (SR) protein-coding genes and the susceptibility of nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) in Chinese men. " 06/01/2014 - "Genetic variants in Ser-Arg protein-coding genes are associated with the risk of nonobstructive azoospermia in Chinese men." 12/01/2011 - "Cell-specific classification of protein expression indicated that Sertoli or germ cell dysfunction, but not Leydig cell dysfunction, was observed in nonobstructive azoospermia seminal plasma. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Vasectomy (Vas Occlusion) 10/01/2021 - "This study evaluates the efficacy of vas ligation in enhancing sperm retrieval in nonobstructive azoospermia cases, by accumulating intratesticular spermatozoa. " 11/01/2003 - "Forty-four men were recruited, of whom 16 were diagnosed with nonobstructive azoospermia and 4 with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens, and 24 previously fertile men were azoospermic after previous vasectomy. " 03/01/2008 - "Semen samples were collected and analyzed from 1) 10 patients with normal semen parameters, 2) 9 with obstructive azoospermia, 3) 20 after vasectomy and 4) 14 with nonobstructive azoospermia. " 12/01/2001 - "The most common etiologic category groups describing male subfertility were previous vasectomy (56%), varicocele (14%), idiopathic infertility (8%), and nonobstructive azoospermia (6%). " 12/01/2011 - "Concentrations of candidate proteins in normal seminal plasma were found in the range 0.1-1000 μg/ml but were significantly decreased in nonobstructive azoospermia and post-vasectomy. "
2.	Therapeutics 01/01/2023 - "IMPORTANCE Idiopathic nonobstructive azoospermia is one of the great challenges in assisted reproductive therapy. " 12/01/2016 - "Microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) has become the first line therapy to harvest spermatozoa for men with nonobstructive azoospermia. " 08/01/2012 - "Although microdissection testicular sperm extraction has become first line therapy for sperm retrieval in men with nonobstructive azoospermia, there are challenges to the procedure, including difficulty differentiating between seminiferous tubules with normal and abnormal spermatogenesis. " 08/01/2012 - "We evaluated the influence of preoperative medical therapy in men with nonobstructive azoospermia before microdissection testicular sperm extraction. " 11/01/2002 - "In men with nonobstructive azoospermia, the optimization of spermatogenesis with hormonal therapy and, when appropriate, microsurgical varicocelectomy can result in the appearance of adequate sperm in the ejaculate for ICSI. "
3.	Orchiectomy (Orchidectomy) 04/01/2014 - "We propose that microdissection TESE should be considered the preferred sperm retrieval technique at the time of radical orchiectomy in men with coexistent nonobstructive azoospermia and testicular cancer." 04/01/2014 - "To report a case of an infertile man with nonobstructive azoospermia who underwent simultaneous radical orchiectomy for testicular cancer and testicular sperm extraction (TESE) for preservation of fertility. " 05/01/2004 - "Birth of a healthy child achieved by frozen thawed spermatozoa extracted at orchidectomy due to testicular seminoma in a male with nonobstructive azoospermia." 01/01/2022 - "Patients were postpubertal adults having a testicular tumor requiring orchidectomy, with severe oligozoospermia or nonobstructive azoospermia. "
4.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 01/01/2005 - "Similarly, successful sperm retrieval using testicular sperm extraction combined with IVF-ICSI can be accomplished for men with nonobstructive azoospermia after chemotherapy. " 09/15/2001 - "Despite prolonged nonobstructive azoospermia after undergoing chemotherapy, men no longer should be considered sterile in the era of advanced assisted reproductive techniques." 09/15/2001 - "Among 231 cycles in 198 patients who underwent TESE-ICSI for nonobstructive azoospermia from 1995 to 2000, 20 TESE procedures in 17 patients who previously received chemotherapy were identified. " 01/01/2022 - "Chemotherapy and radiation for cancer may result in nonobstructive azoospermia that can be treated to allow fertility. "
5.	Orchiopexy 12/01/2019 - "Are predictive factors in sperm retrieval and pregnancy rates present in nonobstructive azoospermia patients by microdissection testicular sperm extraction on testicle with a history of orchidopexy operation?" 02/07/2023 - "Binary logistic regression analysis yielded the following six predictors: anti-Müllerian hormone (odds ratio [OR] = 0.902, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.821-0.990), inhibin B (OR = 1.012, 95% CI: 1.001-1.024), Klinefelter's syndrome (OR = 0.022, 95% CI: 0.002-0.243), Y chromosome microdeletion (OR = 0.050, 95% CI: 0.005-0.504), cryptorchidism with orchiopexy (OR = 0.085, 95% CI: 0.008-0.929), and idiopathic nonobstructive azoospermia (OR = 0.031, 95% CI: 0.003-0.277). "